17 citations,
June 2018 in “Sexual Medicine Reviews” The document concludes that non-operative treatment for gender dysphoria is safe and effective, and hormone therapy does not increase cancer risk.
10 citations,
May 2009 in “Sexual and Relationship Therapy” The document concludes that hormone therapy is essential for treating gender dysphoria, with specific drugs and monitoring protocols recommended for safety and effectiveness.
7 citations,
January 2019 in “Headache” Hormone therapy may increase migraines in transgender women and decrease them in transgender men; more research is needed on migraine management in transgender individuals.
1 citations,
April 2006 in “Seminars in Reproductive Medicine” Androgen therapy might help some women with low libido, but it has risks and should be used carefully.
22 citations,
January 2015 in “The Cochrane library” DHEA may help with sexual function when used intravaginally by menopausal women but is similar to hormone therapy in other aspects and might cause more side effects like acne and hair loss.
January 2024 in “Biomedicines” Using stem cells from hair follicles to treat female hair loss is safe and effective after six months.
855 citations,
June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
10 citations,
February 2016 in “The Journal for Nurse Practitioners” Healthcare providers need better education and resources to give competent and sensitive care to transgender patients.
5 citations,
September 2021 in “Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine” The guideline provides healthcare professionals in South Africa with instructions for comprehensive, multidisciplinary gender-affirming care, including HIV prevention and treatment for transgender and gender diverse individuals.
October 2020 in “Authorea (Authorea)” Men and women react differently to opioids, with hormones potentially influencing these differences.
43 citations,
July 2003 in “Andrology” Hormonal male contraception is effective and could be market-ready, but more research is needed to ensure safety for all ethnic groups.
15 citations,
June 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride doesn't affect erections much, but may decrease libido in men.
7 citations,
October 2019 in “Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine” Chinese medicine may help hair growth and reduce hair loss in androgenetic alopecia.
2295 citations,
August 2012 in “The international journal of transgenderism/International journal of transgenderism” The guidelines recommend informed consent for gender-affirming treatments and stress the importance of personalized, culturally sensitive care for transgender individuals.
19 citations,
February 2012 in “International Journal of Urology” In Japan, sex reassignment surgery for gender identity disorder faces challenges and needs better medical support and education.
37 citations,
February 2010 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Androgen self-administration might be controlled by membrane receptors, not nuclear ones.
25 citations,
August 2006 in “Human Reproduction” Oral contraceptives lower testosterone levels in women, especially those with certain genetic traits, and may be linked to increased breast cancer risk.
99 citations,
June 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone replacement may help some postmenopausal women with symptoms like fatigue and low libido, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects.
There are many treatments for common hair loss, but more trials are needed to decide which are best.
4 citations,
May 2018 in “BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders” Dutasteride and finasteride have similar risk for osteoporosis and fractures in older men.
441 citations,
May 2008 in “British Journal of Pharmacology” Anabolic steroids can build muscle and strength but have risks and need more research on their clinical benefits and side effects.
177 citations,
July 2004 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Experts recommend thorough medical, sexual, and psychosocial assessments for women's sexual dysfunctions, and suggest individualized treatment plans with regular check-ups. They also mention potential use of estrogen and androgen therapy, but with caution due to safety concerns.
32 citations,
March 2019 in “Climacteric” Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) can harm women's sexual health, and they may benefit from hormone therapy and counseling.
2 citations,
July 2021 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Sex hormones likely don't affect atopic dermatitis in adolescents and adults.
January 2024 in “JEADV clinical practice” Gender-affirming dermatology treatments generally improve mental well-being for transgender individuals, but more research is needed.
21 citations,
April 2011 in “Physiological Research” Normal levels of DHT can reduce belly fat and increase muscle, but too much can lead to hair loss, prostate issues, and possibly heart disease.
14 citations,
September 2015 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets” The conclusion is that while oral contraceptive pills are effective for PCOS-related high androgen levels, new treatments with fewer side effects are needed.
8 citations,
March 2012 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone have similar effects on body composition and metabolic health in men.
32 citations,
January 2018 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Hormone therapy affects hair growth in transgender individuals, with testosterone potentially causing hair loss in trans men and estrogen reducing facial/body hair in trans women; treatment options vary.
May 2023 in “IntechOpen eBooks” More research is needed to understand how testosterone is maintained in adult males.