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Sex hormones affect reproduction, sexual development, and oral health, and it's important for dental practitioners to understand their effects and interactions.

Chitin and chitosan are useful in cosmetics for oral care, haircare, and skincare, including UV protection and strength improvement.

Oral contraceptives provide various health benefits beyond birth control, including managing menstrual issues, skin conditions, pain, and reducing the risk of certain cancers.

Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.

The conclusion is that while oral contraceptive pills are effective for PCOS-related high androgen levels, new treatments with fewer side effects are needed.

Balding men had lower bone density, while balding women had higher hip bone density.

Certain ESR1 gene variations may affect hormone levels and fat distribution in women with high male hormone levels.

Dentin sialoprotein and phosphophoryn are present in rodent hair follicles and may help hair growth and development.

The document concludes that low-dose oral contraceptives and hormonal therapies can manage perimenopause symptoms and reduce some health risks, but lifestyle changes and disease screening are also important.

Eating too much selenium can cause bad breath, hair loss, and nail changes, with harmful effects starting at low daily doses.

Collagen peptides from marine and bovine sources may help prevent hair loss by affecting hair follicle stem cells differently.

Australian doctors experienced in adult transgender healthcare mostly prescribe intramuscular testosterone and oral estradiol, recommend mental health assessments before hormone therapy, and support improved training and guidelines.

A young tapir with a rare skin condition improved after treatment with wound cleaning, cream, and oral medication.

Patients need long-term care after bariatric surgery to manage potential nutritional and metabolic issues.

Dienogest combined with ethinylestradiol is a highly effective birth control that improves menstrual symptoms and has manageable side effects.

NFIC helps human dental stem cells grow and become tooth-like cells.

Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.

Systemic corticosteroids can help treat rapidly spreading vitiligo but require more research for safer use.

Experts agree that PCOS affects women's health in complex ways, but more research is needed to understand and treat it effectively.

The vitamin D receptor is crucial for bone health and affects various body systems, with mutations potentially leading to disease.

Women with PCOS should be screened for heart disease risk and manage their health to prevent it.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Iron deficiency may be related to hair loss, but there's not enough evidence to recommend iron screening or supplements for all hair loss patients.

Lower doses of treatments for hirsutism and acne in PCOS are effective and cause fewer side effects.

Flutamide is more effective and has fewer side effects than spironolactone for treating hirsutism.

Flutamide effectively reduced excessive hair growth and improved related symptoms in hirsutism patients without significant side effects.

The update highlights that non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is common in women with excess male hormones, requires specific hormone tests for diagnosis, and has various treatment options depending on age and symptoms.

Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.

Hormonal treatments can help with acne, especially in women, by lowering androgen levels or blocking their effects.

Amenorrhea is relatively rare and initial testing should check FSH, TSH, and prolactin levels.