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    Glossary Nocebo Effect

    negative expectations cause adverse symptoms despite inactive treatment

    The nocebo effect occurs when negative expectations or beliefs about a treatment or condition cause a person to experience adverse symptoms or a worsening of their condition, even if the treatment is inactive or harmless. For example, if someone believes that a harmless cream will cause skin irritation, they might actually develop a rash due to their negative expectations. This phenomenon is the opposite of the placebo effect, where positive expectations lead to perceived or actual improvements in health.

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    Research 30 of 78

    1. Finasteride 5mg and Sexual Side Effects: How Many of these are Related to a Nocebo Phenomenon? The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2007 · 225 citations
    2. The nocebo effect: A clinicians guide Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · 2012 · 41 citations
    3. Nocebo effect in Dermatology Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology · 2015 · 12 citations
    4. Many sexual adverse effects of finasteride are attributable to a nocebo effect Nature Clinical Practice Urology · 2008 · 1 citations
    5. T07-O-05 Finasteride 5 mg and sexual side effects. How many of these are related to a nocebo phenomenon? Sexologies · 2008
    6. Adverse effects of 5α-reductase inhibitors: What do we know, don’t know, and need to know? Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · 2015 · 111 citations
    7. A comment on the post-finasteride syndrome International Journal of Trichology · 2018 · 11 citations
    8. Oral finasteride use and sexual adverse events: signal detection from disproportionality analyses of data from the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System Journal of Dermatological Treatment · 2026
    9. Comment on Current Investigations into the Postfinasteride Syndrome International Journal of Trichology · 2024
    10. Comments concerning the real risk of sexual adverse events secondary to the use of 5-ARIs Archivio italiano di urologia, andrologia · 2016
    11. Response to: “finasteride prescribed for hair loss consistently leads to depression” Postgraduate Medicine · 2026
    12. The difficult hair loss patient: A particular challenge International Journal of Trichology · 2013 · 14 citations
    13. Impact of Alpha Blockers, 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors and Combination Therapy on Sexual Function Current Urology Reports · 2014 · 11 citations
    14. How I Do It: Galenic Lotions for Topical Use to Cure Hair Thinning in Males and Females Hair transplant forum international · 2014
    15. Adverse effects of common medications on male fertility Nature Reviews Urology · 2015 · 77 citations
    16. Effects of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors on erectile function, sexual desire and ejaculation Expert Opinion on Drug Safety · 2012 · 71 citations
    17. COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination Effects on Breast Implant Illness: A Case Report Cureus · 2024
    18. Adverse Side Effects of 5α‐Reductase Inhibitors Therapy: Persistent Diminished Libido and Erectile Dysfunction and Depression in a Subset of Patients The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2010 · 223 citations
    19. Inhibitors of 5α-reductase-related side effects in patients seeking medical care for sexual dysfunction. PubMed · 2012 · 13 citations
    20. Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Prostate Cancer: Focusing on Sexual Side Effects The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2012 · 35 citations
    21. Post-Finasteride Syndrome: An Induced Delusional Disorder with the Potential of a Mass Psychogenic Illness? Skin appendage disorders · 2019 · 14 citations
    22. Tackling Adverse Effects 2015 · 2 citations
    23. Finasteride and sexual side effects Indian Dermatology Online Journal · 2012 · 39 citations
    24. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF REGENERATION STIMULATION DRUG ON THE STRUCTURE AND RATE OF HAIR GROWTH IN WHITE RATS Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture · 2024
    25. Finasteride and Dutasteride for the Treatment of Male Androgenetic Alopecia: A Review of Efficacy and Reproductive Adverse Effects Georgetown medical review · 2023
    26. Spectrum and Impact of Reported Side Effects of Omalizumab in Patients With Chronic Urticaria: A Long‐Term Multicentre Real‐World Study Clinical & Experimental Allergy · 2025 · 4 citations
    27. Elucidation of the Potential Hair Growth-Promoting Effect of Botryococcus terribilis, Its Novel Compound Methylated-Meijicoccene, and C32 Botryococcene on Cultured Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells Using DNA Microarray Gene Expression Analysis Biomedicines · 2022 · 5 citations
    28. Beliefs and counseling practices among dermatologists regarding sexual and other adverse effects of finasteride International journal of impotence research · 2023
    29. Sexual, physical, and overall adverse effects in patients treated with 5α-reductase inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis Asian Journal of Andrology · 2021 · 2 citations
    30. Post‐Finasteride Syndrome or Pre‐Existing Vulnerability? Rethinking Patient Selection Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · 2025