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This chapter reviews the presence and roles of stem cells in various body systems, focusing on their lifelong function in animals and humans, and reports no new experimental findings.

Valentina Greco's research shows that the environment around hair follicle stem cells is more crucial for regeneration than the stem cells themselves.

This study found that blocking apoptosis during the catagen phase in mice disrupts hair follicle stem cell niche architecture, delaying subsequent hair regeneration cycles.

This review synthesizes current knowledge on hair follicle biology in androgenetic alopecia and explores potential regenerative therapies, but it reports no new clinical results.

This narrative review explores molecular signaling pathways and their impact on hair follicle microenvironments in androgenetic alopecia, alongside potential treatments like stromal vascular fraction therapies and exosome-based strategies.

This review integrates current understanding of hair follicle biology and signaling pathways into a comprehensive framework for androgenetic alopecia, but presents no new empirical findings.

This review examines the role of nerves in regeneration across various species and discusses their importance as components in the progenitor cell niche, reporting no new clinical results.

This research discusses how epithelial stem cells in the skin maintain normal homeostasis, contribute to wound repair, and highlights the importance of these processes, as defects can lead to skin diseases including cancers, but provides no new experimental results.

This review explores the mechanisms of adult stem cell self-renewal, using skin as a model, and reports no new results but raises important unanswered questions in the field.

This study found that stem cells from mouse hair follicles successfully reconstructed the ocular surface in most limbal stem cell deficiency mice, demonstrating potential for treating the condition in a mouse model.

This essay discusses the establishment, maintenance, and role of skin stem cells in tissue homeostasis, wound repair, and their relation to skin cancer, without reporting new experimental findings.

This study found that Oncostatin M, via JAK-STAT5 signaling, keeps hair follicle stem cells inactive, and its removal leads to hair growth initiation in mice.

This review discusses the plasticity of stem cell populations and their ability to switch between functions for tissue homeostasis and regeneration, emphasizing environmental and hormonal influences, and reports no new results.

The study reports that Fgf18 and Tgf-β2 signaling pathways in hair follicle stem cells have opposing effects on the timing of hair cycle transitions, influencing the shift from telogen to anagen phases.

This review discusses the multiple layers of environmental controls on hair stem cell homeostasis and suggests that targeting these layers could offer safer regenerative medicine therapies without directly using stem cells.

This review highlights recent advances in understanding how the extracellular matrix regulates epidermal stem cell fate, emphasizing the importance of the hair follicle stem cell niche, but reports no new empirical findings.

This review discusses how tissue resident memory T cells contribute to autoimmune skin diseases like vitiligo and psoriasis, highlighting their role in continuous immune activation, and reports no new clinical results.

This study found that estrogen can cause reversible suppression of the hair cycle by inducing premature catagen and maintaining the telogen phase without damaging the hair follicle stem cell niche or the signature gene expressions of dermal papilla cells.

Human hair follicle cells can become fat and bone cells, useful for therapy.

This review summarizes recent discoveries about how tissue-resident stem cells interact with their environments during normal conditions and after injury, without reporting new results.

This review examines how fibroblasts contribute to regeneration in various organs and explores the potential of reverting adult fibroblasts to a fetal-like state for regenerative therapies, but reports no new empirical findings.

Human hair follicle stem cells show signs of low oxygen levels, which may be important for hair growth and preventing baldness.

This study observed that Endoglin is crucial for maintaining correct hair follicle cycling and stimulating hair follicle stem cell niches through feedback interactions involving Wnt/β-catenin and Bmp/Smad signaling pathways in a mouse model.

This review discusses how epidermal Langerhan's cells and dermal cells may influence keratinocyte environments, potentially aiding in the formation of stem cell niches and cellular variety in the basal layer, without providing novel results.

In this study, researchers observed that African spiny mice, Acomys cahirinus, are capable of regenerating skeletal muscle in dermal wound sites, unlike common mice, Mus musculus.

This study found that PTEN regulates the number and genomic stability of hair follicle stem cells in the skin, with its deficiency leading to increased stem cell accumulation and senescence through interactions with BMAL1 and BMI-1.

This study suggests that IGFBP-2 may play a role in basal cell carcinoma development by mediating epidermal progenitor cell expansion in hair follicles with activated Shh signaling.

In this study, using stirred-suspension bioreactors to expand dermal stem cells resulted in larger numbers, but had reduced efficiency in forming hair follicle structures compared to static culture conditions.

This discussion explores advances in intravital imaging for visualizing stem cells, highlighting key discoveries and potential future developments; it reports no new experimental results.

This review explores how epidermal stem cells contribute to the development and maintenance of various skin structures, and highlights specific markers and proteins associated with these cells, but reports no new clinical results.