Microenvironmental Dysregulation in Androgenetic Alopecia: Molecular Pathways and Translational Implications for Regenerative Therapies

This narrative review explores the microenvironmental factors contributing to androgenetic alopecia (AGA), focusing on the dysfunction of dermal papilla, alterations in epithelial–mesenchymal signaling, and changes in vascular and adipose niches that lead to follicular miniaturization. It highlights the potential of regenerative therapies, such as stromal vascular fraction therapies, exosome-based strategies, and molecular pathway modulation, to address these issues. The review integrates current knowledge of hair follicle biology and molecular signaling pathways, providing a framework for understanding AGA and its treatment.