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Melatonin applied to the scalp helps treat early-stage hair loss in men and women.

Proteins like aPKC and PDGF-AA, substances like adenosine and ATP, and adipose-derived stem cells all play important roles in hair growth and health, and could potentially be used to treat hair loss and skin conditions.

BMPs are crucial for hair growth and their decrease by androgens leads to hair loss.

Mice without the vitamin D receptor have bone issues and other health problems, suggesting vitamin D is important for preventing various diseases in humans.

The vitamin D receptor is crucial for bone health and affects various body systems, with mutations potentially leading to disease.

Skin stem cells are crucial for maintaining and repairing the skin and hair, using a complex mix of signals to do so.

The document concludes that PCOS is a complex disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors, affecting women's health in various ways, and requires personalized treatment.

Lgr5 is a marker for active, long-lasting stem cells in mouse hair follicles.

Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.

Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.

The European Society of Endocrinology advises individualized long-term management for PCOS, focusing on lifestyle changes, accurate diagnosis, and treatments for associated health risks and symptoms.

The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.

The hypothesis suggests that PCOS may start early in life due to genetic and environmental factors, influencing future reproductive and metabolic problems.

Understanding gene expression in hair follicles can reveal insights into hair growth and disorders.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a prohormone important for producing sex steroids and has potential health benefits.

Stress can worsen skin and hair conditions by affecting the skin's immune response and hormone levels.

Myo-inositol supplements may improve insulin sensitivity and help with conditions like PCOS and gestational diabetes, but more research is needed.

Hair and nail cells share similar proteins, indicating a common differentiation pathway.

Human skin can make serotonin and melatonin, which help protect and maintain it.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Calreticulin has roles in healing, immune response, and disease beyond its known functions in the endoplasmic reticulum.

The skin has a complex immune system that is essential for protection and healing, requiring more research for better wound treatment.

The document concludes that the understanding of scar formation is incomplete and current prevention and treatment for hypertrophic scars and keloids are not fully effective.

The research found that different types of fibroblasts are involved in wound healing and that some blood cells can turn into fat cells during this process.

Air pollution worsens skin diseases and aging by causing inflammation and oxidative stress.

The conclusion is that using drugs to block the TOR pathway might slow aging and prevent age-related diseases.

Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions control hair growth cycles through specific molecular signals.

Removing part of the vitamin D receptor stops vitamin D from working properly.

Vitamin D receptor interacts with certain dietary components to help prevent diseases and regulate hair growth.

New nanofiber technology improves wound healing by supporting cell growth and delivering treatments directly to the wound.