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This review explores the current understanding of leptin's role in psoriasis and other skin diseases but reports no new clinical findings, emphasizing that the exact mechanisms of its impact are still being investigated.

This review discusses the roles and therapeutic effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on the nervous, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems, but reports no new clinical results, emphasizing the need for further research on their impact on metabolism and tumor relationships in type 2 diabetes patients.

Tirzepatide may improve hair loss by reducing insulin resistance.

This study suggests that specific mutations in the MFN2 gene, including the p.Arg707Trp allele, can result in tissue-selective mitochondrial dysfunction leading to excessive upper body fat growth and low leptin levels.

This study found that LepRb neurons in the brain are important targets for androgen action and influence sex-specific differences in reproductive and metabolic regulation, implicating them in conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome.

This systematic review found conflicting evidence on hair loss related to GLP-1 receptor agonists in adults with type 2 diabetes or obesity, with some studies noting hair regrowth and others reporting hair loss as a side effect. Further research is needed to understand this relationship.

This study suggests that L-Selectin and adiponectin may be useful markers for distinguishing between Metformin-treated and untreated PCOS patients.

This study suggests that the Leptin receptor may serve as a novel cell surface marker for dermal papilla cells, potentially aiding future isolation and research efforts in hair follicle regeneration studies.

This study demonstrated that genetically engineered stem cells from human hair follicles can reverse hyperglycemia and reduce mortality in mice with type 1 diabetes by overexpressing the human insulin gene.

This study found that patients with alopecia areata had lower adiponectin levels and higher leptin levels compared to healthy controls, with leptin levels correlating positively with insulin resistance markers and negatively with HDL cholesterol.

This study found that in overweight or obese women with PCOS and insulin resistance, those with lower baseline prolactin levels exhibited a greater decrease in insulin resistance after 6-8 months of metformin treatment, compared to those with higher prolactin levels.

This study found that metformin treatment significantly decreased gremlin levels and improved insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

In this commentary, the authors discuss emerging evidence primarily from pharmacovigilance data and retrospective studies indicating a potential association between GLP-1 receptor agonists, like semaglutide and tirzepatide, and hair loss, although causality remains unproven, prompting recommendations for patient monitoring and further research.

This study found that combining liraglutide with metformin led to greater weight loss and waist circumference reduction than either treatment alone in obese women with PCOS resistant to metformin monotherapy.

This study found that while intensive lifestyle interventions were associated with favorable changes in SHBG levels due to reduced adiposity, these changes did not consistently predict diabetes risk reduction.

This study found that the ARL15 gene affects adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin secretion, and suggests that ARL15 haploinsufficiency may predispose individuals to lipodystrophy.

This study found that adults with type 2 diabetes or obesity using semaglutide and tirzepatide experienced higher odds of nonscarring alopecia, such as telogen effluvium, compared to those using other GLP-1 receptor agonists, with hair loss potentially linked to physiologic stress from weight loss.

Women with idiopathic hirsutism and PCOS have higher RBP4 levels, and PCOS is linked to greater insulin resistance; weight management may help both conditions.

This study found that Pik3r1 Y657* mice, which model human SHORT syndrome, show increased energy expenditure despite insulin resistance, but this is not due to changes in locomotion, thermoregulation, or Ucp1-dependent thermogenesis, suggesting a different metabolic mechanism may protect against lipotoxicity.

In this cross-sectional study, researchers found that those without a diabetic background had higher levels of secreted frizzled related protein-4, while family history of diabetes was strongly correlated with waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and insulin resistance but not significantly linked to protein-4 levels.

This review examines how GLP-1 receptor agonists might impact metabolic and reproductive outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome, but it reports no new clinical findings and highlights the need for further research.

This study reports that patients with specific MFN2 mutations, including p.Arg707Trp, exhibit significant upper body fat overgrowth with suppressed leptin production, suggesting tissue-selective mitochondrial dysfunction and potential therapeutic targets.

This study found that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist therapy was independently associated with an increased incidence of non-scarring hair loss, including telogen effluvium and androgenic alopecia, in adults but not alopecia areata.

This review discusses how glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, used for type 2 diabetes and obesity, may cause skin aging and hair loss, and explores methylene blue as a potential protective treatment.

This study found that RSPO1, a Wnt/β-catenin pathway agonist, significantly induces insulin-producing β cell replication and neogenesis in various settings, offering a promising potential therapy for diabetes.

2h-ICPR can help screen for insulin antibodies in type 2 diabetes patients.

In this study, GLP-1 receptor agonists reduced BMI and improved metabolic and reproductive outcomes in women with PCOS, though the long-term effects remain unclear.

This case report describes a 35-year-old male with Type 2 diabetes who experienced scalp hair loss after increasing his dose of Teneligliptin without supervision, which resolved after discontinuing the medication.

This study found that while glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists report more incidents of suicide, hair loss, and aspiration compared to some other antidiabetic drugs, they did not meet the threshold for positive safety signals.

This study reviews the role of semaglutide in obesity management, emphasizing its substantial weight-loss and metabolic benefits in diverse patients, with a focus on its mechanisms, dosing, efficacy, and safety.