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This review examines various skin pigmentation disorders, their causes, and potential treatments, detailing 25 plants, 4 marine species, and 17 clinically tested topical and oral medications for managing these conditions.

This study examined skin biopsies from a woman with Addison disease and found melanocytic hyperpigmentation in the epidermis, with a notable melanocyte/keratinocyte ratio indicating increased melanocyte presence in the arm compared to the thigh.

This article reviews the impact of H2O2-redox homeostasis on hair follicle pigmentation via tyrosinase and associated mechanisms, discussing primarily findings from murine models without providing new clinical results for humans.

This study describes recurrent or persistent follicular dysplasia and interface dermatitis in Boxers, noting concurrent courses and potential influences from photoperiod or genetics, but without identifying the condition's exact causes.

This study found that intense pulsed light treatment primarily targets pigmented structures in hair follicles and may damage dermal papilla cells at high energy levels, but stem cells are mostly spared.

This review discusses the controversial non-inflammatory alopecia known as alopecia X, highlighting its unknown etiology and the variable effectiveness of various proposed treatments, but reports no new results.

This study found that biodegradable hydrogels loaded with various growth factors significantly enhanced hair follicle growth and blood vessel formation in mice, demonstrating a positive effect on their hair growth cycle.

This study found that non-vitiliginous melanocyte stem cells from vitiligo patients were unaffected by the disease and could effectively differentiate into melanin-producing melanocytes, suggesting their potential for use in cellular therapy for vitiligo repigmentation.

This study found that overexpression of β-catenin in bipotent Schwann-cell precursors promotes melanocyte development in limb areas by inducing MITF and repressing FoxD3, especially during a specific developmental timeframe.

This study found that transgenic expression of Endothelin 3 in mice can maintain a dark pigmentation phenotype independently of Mc1r signaling by regulating melanogenic genes.

This review discusses the role of melanocyte stem cells in skin pigmentation and potential regenerative therapies, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that oxidative stress in hair follicle melanocytes contributes to premature aging and apoptosis, providing insights into graying as a model for studying aging and testing antiaging therapies.

This study found that extracellular ATP released from UVB-irradiated keratinocytes promotes melanin production through the P2X7 receptor, indicating a role for ATP-P2X7 signaling in UV-induced melanogenesis.

This report suggests that in vitiligo, melanocytes may be destroyed by the same factors necessary for melanin production, contributing to the skin's depigmentation.

This review discusses the interactions between melanocyte stem cells and their niche in hair regeneration and repair, but reports no new results; recent studies on molecular pathways are highlighted.

This study identified ALDH1A1 as a regulator of melanogenesis and suggests its inhibition, through agents like cyanamide, may be a promising therapeutic approach for treating hyperpigmentation disorders such as melasma.

This study demonstrated that human iPSC-derived melanocytes, when transplanted into mice, can reconstitute pigmented hair follicles and integrate into normal tissue, suggesting their potential as a cellular therapy for depigmentation.

This study found that human iPSC-derived melanocytes from vitiligo patients successfully integrated into mouse hair follicles and epidermis, demonstrating potential for personalized therapy for depigmentation.

This study found that early pigment cell markers Sox10 and c-KIT, as well as DCT/TRP-2, were detectable in melanogenically-active melanocytes of the anagen bulb in human hair follicles.

In this laboratory study, α-mangostin was found to significantly reduce melanin content and downregulate pigmentation-related genes in cultured skin and B16F10 cells, suggesting potential application as a natural whitening agent in sunscreen development.

This study found that Sox2 within dermal papilla cells in the hair follicle regulates hair pigmentation, influencing the type and production of melanin.

This study developed a new melanocyte cultivation medium without chemical mitogens, melanogenesis enhancers, or bovine products, demonstrating successful proliferation and melanotic differentiation of human melanocytes from hair follicles.

Hair graying is caused by the loss of pigment cells due to poor maintenance of stem cells in the hair follicle.

This study found that differentially expressed genes in horses with white versus black coats may regulate coat color, providing insights into the genetics of skin melanin synthesis.

This study found that changes in the expression of the Agouti gene contribute to the pale pigmentation in beach mice, with implications for melanocyte development and localization.

This study found that murine skin is a target for melatonin bioregulation, as melatonin affected DNA synthesis and tyrosinase activity in skin organ culture.

This review discusses the development, regulation, and aging of the human hair follicle pigmentary system and suggests potential for reversing hair graying by manipulating follicle melanocytes in vitro, but reports no clinical results.

This study found that a synthetic polyphenol, dimeric 1,2,4-benzenetriol (diBTO), can coat gray hair and gradually oxidize, creating a resistant brown layer similar to apple browning, which offers a practical hair dyeing solution that withstands washing and reduces the need for long dyeing sessions.

Melatonin stops melanin production after tyrosinase action, with cyclic GMP mimicking this effect.