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Keratin fibers in hair twist left-handed.

The study improved understanding of keratin fiber structure by showing consistent microfibril diameter but varying distances and electron density profiles.

This study suggests that varying intersheet interactions may explain the differences between the two polymorphic forms of macrofibril assembly in Merino wool and hair.

This study found that permanent waving treatment partially disrupts the α-helical structure in human hair microfibrils, primarily during the initial reduction phase, rather than just affecting disulphide bonds.

This study analyzed the swelling behavior of human hair during permanent waving treatment, finding that both the microstructure and macrostructure of intermediate filaments swell simultaneously at the initial stage, and while partially destructed by reduction, they are considerably restored through oxidation.

This study found that the fungus Microsporum gypseum enzymatically degrades keratin in human hair, with the sequence of degradation reflecting the keratinization and cystine content of individual hair components in vitro.

This study used rapid-freezing immunocytochemistry to successfully map the ultrastructural localization of hair keratins in human scalp hair, primarily finding them in macrofibrils in the cortex and endocuticle.

In this study, researchers found that the curliness of human hair is associated with an asymmetric structure at the cellular level, particularly in the differentiation of the precortex.

Advancements in hair keratin research could lead to better hair health treatments.

In this study, hair shafts from trichothiodystrophy patients with ERCC2 mutations revealed abnormal cuticle structures and protein imbalances compared to normal hair shafts.

This study observed that surfactants in cosmetic treatments can bind to keratinous tissues like hair and nails, affecting their tensile properties and possibly leading to deterioration depending on the specific detergents used.

This case report describes a 16-year-old with ectrodactyly-ED-clefting syndrome, where scarring alopecia with follicular involvement appeared during puberty, possibly due to anatomic hair abnormalities.

This study utilized the DNP–SANS technique on human hair for the first time and found significant changes in the SANS profile dependent on polarization conditions, providing insights into the structural composition and dynamic properties of keratin and its associated proteins.

In this study, BTP-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles were developed and shown to protect hair from heat-induced damage by enhancing cuticle integrity and thermal resistance in simulated thermal straightening conditions.

This study found that oxidized hair undergoes time-related structural changes, resulting in improved thermal and mechanical stability over several months after moderate or intense oxidative treatments.

This study found that biotinoyl tripeptide-1-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles significantly improved thermal protection in hair, enhancing cuticle integrity and resistance to heat damage, compared to control samples.

This study found that Mf-rich-fiber in human hair underwent significantly greater degradation by proteases than Ma-rich-fiber, especially when treated with Proteinase K.

This article reports electron microscope studies on the structure of hair and wool, but it does not present new clinical findings.

This review explains the mechanical composition and molecular interactions that determine hair's mechanical properties, without providing any new experimental findings.

This study found that microfibrils play a crucial role in shaping permanent waves by thioglycolic acid, and treating damaged hair with hydrolyzed keratin improved both waving efficiency and hair damage.

In this study, synchrotron fibre diffraction identified changes in dermal collagen microfibrillar radius with age, with lower radii observed in individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

This study suggests that specific combinations of human type I and II hair keratins, particularly K35-K85 and K36-K81, have distinct in vitro assembly properties that are significant for macrofibril formation.

This study demonstrated that human hair shafts can be anatomically separated to obtain intact micron and nano keratin filaments using solvents like performic acid and urea.

This study demonstrated that keratin can be effectively extracted from wool using alkaline solutions and that the extracted keratin maintains reactivity similar to that from other low-value sources like cattle hair.

This study identified two types of hard alpha-keratin filament assemblies in developing human hair follicles, which may help investigate the structural framework of mammalian keratin appendages.

This study developed a multiscale model to understand human hair fiber mechanics and found that the yield stress decreases linearly with temperature, supported by both simulations and experimental stretching of hair fibers.

In this research, the author hypothesizes that curly hair is influenced by the contraction of the Arrector Pili muscle, suggesting that its relaxation through specific treatments could potentially modulate hair follicle curvature, but further studies are needed to confirm this mechanism.

This study proposes a new method to selectively isolate keratin-associated proteins and keratin from human hair, suggesting that KAPs may support keratin fibers in hair structure.

This study found that the mechanical stiffening of the human hair follicle along the first millimeter is linked to changes in the keratin network architecture and composition during keratinization.

This study demonstrated that molecular dynamics simulations of keratin could effectively model the mechanical properties of hair, aligning well with experimental data, especially when conducted in vacuum conditions.