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2011 dermatological research found new skin aging markers, hair loss causes, skin defense mechanisms, and potential for new treatments.

Vitamin D is made by the skin, helps control various body functions, and affects skin health and immunity.

Melatonin affects certain genes and pathways involved in cashmere goat hair growth.

The document concludes that hair loss is complex, affects many people, has limited treatments, and requires more research on its causes and psychological impact.

Different types of stem cells exist within individual skin layers, and they can adapt to damage, transplantation, or tumor growth. These cells are regulated by their environment and genetic factors. Tumor growth is driven by expanding, genetically altered cells, not long-lived mutant stem cells. There's evidence of cancer stem cells in skin tumors. Other cells, bacteria, and genetic factors help maintain balance and contribute to disease progression. A method for growing mini organs from single cells has been developed.

Sebaceous glands play a key role in skin health and conditions like acne.

Interest in acne is rising, but research funding has significantly decreased.

Azelaic acid's effectiveness in treating certain skin conditions needs more research.

Exosomes show promise for treating skin diseases and improving skin regeneration.

Certain inhibitors can potentially treat prostate cancer and other hormone-dependent conditions by controlling sex hormone levels in cells.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause skin issues but are linked to better cancer outcomes.

Human prenatal skin develops an immune network early on that helps with skin formation and healing without scarring.

Red light at 627 nm can safely trigger IL-4 release in skin cells, potentially helping treat inflammatory skin conditions.

Eating less can improve stem cell function and increase lifespan.

A protein called EGFR protects hair follicle stem cells, and when it's disrupted, hair follicles can be damaged, but blocking certain pathways can restore hair growth.

The study found that sweat glands normally suppress immune responses, but this is disrupted in certain skin diseases, possibly contributing to their development.

Restoring hair bulb immune privilege is crucial for managing alopecia areata.

A deficiency in the TTC7A gene causes immune problems, gut issues, and hair loss.

Hair growth is influenced by various body and external factors, and neighboring hairs communicate to synchronize regeneration.

Immune cells help regulate hair growth, and better understanding this can improve hair loss treatments.

Cholesterol-related compounds can stop hair growth and cause inflammation in a type of scarring hair loss.

Genes related to pigmentation, body rhythms, and behavior change during hares' seasonal coat color transition, with a common genetic mechanism in two hare species.

Finasteride reduces inflammation and improves immune response after trauma by altering hormone levels.

Keloid skin disorder involves abnormal fibroblast activation and immune response, linked to a group of genes including FGF11.

TNF-alpha inhibitors can cause various immune-related skin issues.

Tempeh oil rich in linoleic acid may protect against skin aging caused by UV light.

Sex steroids affect the MafB gene differently in male and female hamsters.

TNC+ fibroblasts play a key role in skin inflammation by interacting with T cells.

IL-15 helps protect hair follicles from immune attacks and encourages hair growth.

BMP signaling is important for skin color, affecting melanin production, pigment spread, and cell movement.