Exosomes as a Roadmap from Research to Clinical Development in the Management of Skin Diseases

Exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle, are gaining attention for their role in managing skin diseases by modulating various transduction pathways and facilitating intercellular communication. They offer a promising alternative to synthetic nanoparticles, reducing side effects and enhancing therapeutic potential. This review highlights the use of exosomes in treating dermatological conditions such as vitiligo, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, atopic dermatitis, pigment regulation, hair growth, and skin wound regeneration. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their exosomes are particularly noted for their revolutionary impact on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The review also addresses the need for large-scale production, isolation, and drug-loading strategies to improve the effectiveness of exosome-based therapies, while discussing current challenges and the functional role of exosomes in skin regeneration and immunomodulation.