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Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease causing patchy hair loss, often with other autoimmune disorders, but its exact causes are unknown.

Cathepsin L is essential for normal hair growth and development.

The WNT signaling pathway is important in many diseases and targeting it could offer new treatments.

Postpartum depression is linked to changes in brain chemicals, inflammation, stress, and certain genes, and can potentially be identified by markers like specific steroids, serotonin levels, and vitamin D levels.

Male hormones affect COVID-19 severity and certain drugs targeting these hormones could help reduce the risk.

Eating less sugar, milk, and saturated fats and more vegetables and fish may help treat and prevent acne.

The document recommends using both clinical evaluation and various measurement methods to assess skin greasiness, considering factors like temperature and hormones.

Low doses of some substances can be beneficial, while high doses can be harmful or toxic.

New targets for making and using brain-synthesized steroids could lead to better treatments for brain disorders and alcoholism.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling controls cell development and repair, and its malfunction can cause disorders and cancer, but it also offers potential for targeted therapies.

Melatonin helps regulate hair growth and protects the hair follicle from stress.

Preoperative pain assessment, regional anesthesia, and vitamin C can help prevent CRPS after surgery.

Stress increases a factor in mice that leads to hair loss, and blocking this factor may prevent it.

UV radiation can help sterilize wounds and promote healing but requires careful use to avoid damaging cells.

Hair ages due to genetics and environmental factors, leading to graying and thinning, with treatments available for some conditions.

Minoxidil effectively treats severe hypertension but may cause side effects, so careful monitoring is needed.

Female Pattern Hair Loss affects women's self-esteem and needs more research for better treatment.

Women with PCOS have more body fat and thicker fat layers in certain abdominal areas than women without PCOS.

Women with PCOS may take longer to get pregnant but can have a normal family size, and should manage their overall health to reduce long-term health risks.

New hormonal contraceptives are safer, have fewer side effects, and offer health benefits for women.

Memantine may slightly improve memory in people with Down syndrome, but more research is needed.

Costunolide may have multiple health benefits, including promoting hair growth and protecting against cancer and diabetes, but more research is needed.

Targeting the skin's endocannabinoid system could help treat skin disorders.

Zinc deficiency in children can cause skin issues and can be serious if not diagnosed and treated properly.

Restoring mitochondrial function in mice reversed their skin wrinkling and hair loss.

S5αR inhibitors might help treat schizophrenia and other mental disorders but need more research.

European guidelines recommend regular eye and ear exams, skin care, vitamin D supplements, and cautious use of medications for managing congenital ichthyoses.

The document concludes that for hair and feather growth, it's better to target the environment around stem cells than the cells themselves.

Men taking 5α-reductase inhibitors for enlarged prostate have a higher chance of experiencing reduced sexual desire and erectile dysfunction.