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Testosterone treatment can improve sexual function and bone density in women but may have adverse effects and requires more research on safety and guidelines.

Hormone therapy may increase migraines in transgender women and decrease them in transgender men; more research is needed on migraine management in transgender individuals.

The new oral testosterone pill normalized testosterone levels and lowered SHBG in men with low testosterone.

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) mainly affects nearby cells, doesn't significantly change prostate hormonal environment or cancer risk, and doesn't play a main role in causing hair loss or acne. More research is needed on its effects on heart health, sexual function, and bone health.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Testosterone and its metabolites have varied effects on different body systems, especially during puberty.

Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves physical performance in trans men to the level of cisgender men, while in trans women, it increases fat mass and decreases muscle mass, with no advantage in physical performance after 2 years.

Hormone treatment before hypospadias surgery can increase penis size and reduce surgery complications.

Aging-related hormone changes affect voice quality, especially during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause.

Exposure to certain sex hormones can increase health risks, while some hormone therapies may offer benefits for specific conditions.

Women with androgenetic alopecia (hair loss) have normal prostate specific antigen levels but higher testosterone levels.

Human skin acts like a hormone-producing organ, making and managing various hormones important for skin and hair health.

Men with coeliac disease may have hormone imbalances that could affect sexual function, but these can improve with better gut health.

The research found that anovulatory young women have higher androgen and hormone levels than those who ovulate, suggesting immature hormonal regulation rather than a specific condition.

Men with early hair loss have similar hormone levels to women with PCOS, possibly increasing risk of obesity and heart issues.

Metformin improves menstrual cycles and hormone levels in women with PCOS, mostly within the first 6 months.

Flutamide combined with an LHRH agonist effectively inhibits prostate growth, suggesting it could treat prostate cancer.

Women have a higher risk of blood clots from hormonal factors and need careful treatment, especially during pregnancy.

Most patients experienced hirsutism again after stopping hormone treatment, indicating long-term treatment is needed to maintain results.

Women with PCOS who have high male hormone levels often also have insulin resistance.

Diagnosing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is hard due to varying symptoms, no set criteria, and the need for better tests and education.

Hair loss causes differ between men and women due to changes in hormone levels and inflammation-related pathways.

A man with testotoxicosis was fertile despite low FSH levels, suggesting high testosterone may allow sperm production without FSH.

Women with PCOS and polycystic ovaries have higher male hormone levels and more insulin resistance, especially if they are overweight.

Removing both ovaries treated the woman's excess male hormone symptoms.

Women with PCOS have higher oxidative stress and hormone imbalances, suggesting managing oxidative stress could help.

Treating early puberty with hormone therapy may increase the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome in adults.

Evening primrose oil significantly improves hormone levels and reduces BMI and cholesterol in women with PCOS.

Higher SHBG levels are linked to less severe hair loss in women, but vitamin D levels don't seem to affect hair loss.

Resveratrol improved hormone levels, menstrual cycles, hair loss, and ovarian function in PCOS patients.