25 citations,
April 1949 in “The journal of experimental zoology” Testosterone applied to rabbit skin increases skin cell growth and changes skin structure.
22 citations,
January 2002 in “Treatments in endocrinology” Birth control pills help treat skin and hair growth problems linked to high male hormone levels.
17 citations,
June 2018 in “Sexual Medicine Reviews” The document concludes that non-operative treatment for gender dysphoria is safe and effective, and hormone therapy does not increase cancer risk.
16 citations,
January 2006 in “The Aging Male” Hormone imbalances can cause skin diseases, and understanding these links is important for diagnosis and treatment.
14 citations,
June 2015 in “Toxicology and Industrial Health” Low doses of BPA can increase prostate growth and change hormone levels in adult rats.
9 citations,
April 2015 in “Dermatologic Therapy” Hormonal therapies, like flutamide and cyproterone acetate, are safe and effective for treating adult women's acne, especially those with hormone imbalance or resistant acne.
8 citations,
February 2009 in “Current Women's Health Reviews” Testosterone treatment can improve sexual function and bone density in women but may have adverse effects and requires more research on safety and guidelines.
7 citations,
January 2019 in “Headache” Hormone therapy may increase migraines in transgender women and decrease them in transgender men; more research is needed on migraine management in transgender individuals.
7 citations,
May 2012 in “International Journal of Andrology” The new oral testosterone pill normalized testosterone levels and lowered SHBG in men with low testosterone.
4 citations,
June 2017 in “Endocrine Reviews” Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) mainly affects nearby cells, doesn't significantly change prostate hormonal environment or cancer risk, and doesn't play a main role in causing hair loss or acne. More research is needed on its effects on heart health, sexual function, and bone health.
2 citations,
January 2013 in “Elsevier eBooks” The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.
2 citations,
January 2017 in “Endocrinology” Testosterone and its metabolites have varied effects on different body systems, especially during puberty.
July 2023 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves physical performance in trans men to the level of cisgender men, while in trans women, it increases fat mass and decreases muscle mass, with no advantage in physical performance after 2 years.
January 2023 in “The Annals of african surgery” Hormone treatment before hypospadias surgery can increase penis size and reduce surgery complications.
January 2023 in “Zdravstvena zaštita” Aging-related hormone changes affect voice quality, especially during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause.
January 2014 in “Side effects of drugs annual” Exposure to certain sex hormones can increase health risks, while some hormone therapies may offer benefits for specific conditions.
Women with androgenetic alopecia (hair loss) have normal prostate specific antigen levels but higher testosterone levels.
146 citations,
January 2004 in “Hormones” Human skin acts like a hormone-producing organ, making and managing various hormones important for skin and hair health.
69 citations,
February 1983 in “Gut” Men with coeliac disease may have hormone imbalances that could affect sexual function, but these can improve with better gut health.
52 citations,
June 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The research found that anovulatory young women have higher androgen and hormone levels than those who ovulate, suggesting immature hormonal regulation rather than a specific condition.
47 citations,
June 2016 in “JAMA Dermatology” Men with early hair loss have similar hormone levels to women with PCOS, possibly increasing risk of obesity and heart issues.
33 citations,
January 2018 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Metformin improves menstrual cycles and hormone levels in women with PCOS, mostly within the first 6 months.
30 citations,
June 1988 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Flutamide combined with an LHRH agonist effectively inhibits prostate growth, suggesting it could treat prostate cancer.
22 citations,
October 2018 in “British Journal of Haematology” Women have a higher risk of blood clots from hormonal factors and need careful treatment, especially during pregnancy.
22 citations,
March 2000 in “Clinical endocrinology” Most patients experienced hirsutism again after stopping hormone treatment, indicating long-term treatment is needed to maintain results.
5 citations,
October 2018 in “Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis” Women with PCOS who have high male hormone levels often also have insulin resistance.
4 citations,
January 2019 in “Clinical Chemistry” Diagnosing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is hard due to varying symptoms, no set criteria, and the need for better tests and education.
3 citations,
March 2021 in “Metabolites” Hair loss causes differ between men and women due to changes in hormone levels and inflammation-related pathways.
3 citations,
February 2018 in “Human Reproduction” A man with testotoxicosis was fertile despite low FSH levels, suggesting high testosterone may allow sperm production without FSH.
2 citations,
January 2016 in “Journal of Steroids & Hormonal Science” Women with PCOS and polycystic ovaries have higher male hormone levels and more insulin resistance, especially if they are overweight.