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October 2008 in “Endocrine reviews” Mice without the vitamin D receptor have bone issues and other health problems, suggesting vitamin D is important for preventing various diseases in humans.
232 citations,
June 1975 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Cyproterone acetate is effective for acne but less so for hirsutism and alopecia, with some side effects and quick menstrual cycle recovery after treatment.
179 citations,
May 1982 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation” High levels of 3 alpha-diol glucuronide in the blood are a marker of increased androgen action in women with excessive hair growth of unknown cause.
108 citations,
January 2003 in “Fertility and Sterility” Flutamide may slightly improve hair loss in women, but finasteride does not work.
71 citations,
August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.
60 citations,
May 2011 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is linked to higher risk of hypertension and heart disease.
57 citations,
February 1983 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Dihydrotestosterone increases the activity of an enzyme in pubic skin cells that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.
46 citations,
October 2012 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Female pattern hair loss diagnosed by scalp appearance, treated with combined therapies and targeted approaches.
46 citations,
August 1990 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Ketoconazole reduced hair growth and improved acne in women, but caused side effects needing careful monitoring.
44 citations,
March 2004 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The effects of estrogen on human hair growth are unclear and need more research.
39 citations,
August 2004 in “International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics” Finasteride and CPA-EE2 equally reduce hirsutism, but affect hormone levels differently.
37 citations,
January 2008 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Shorter CAG repeats in a specific gene may increase male hormone activity and symptoms like acne and excess hair in women with PCOS.
28 citations,
May 2015 in “Addiction Biology” Prenatal stress changes how male and female rats enjoy rewards differently, linked to sex hormones.
27 citations,
April 2017 in “European journal of endocrinology” The research found that MRI and certain hormone levels can help tell apart ovarian tumors from hyperthecosis in postmenopausal women, but tissue analysis is still needed for a definite diagnosis.
24 citations,
April 2021 in “BMC women's health” High BMI worsens hair growth in women with PCOS.
22 citations,
March 2004 in “Dermatology” Topical estrogen helps hair growth in menopausal women with no major side effects.
21 citations,
January 1991 in “Dermatology” Men with male pattern hair loss have different levels of certain hormones compared to men without hair loss.
19 citations,
March 1998 in “Endocrinology” Male rats have more somatostatin neurons than females due to testosterone converting to estrogen during early development.
17 citations,
February 2020 in “Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology” Early medical support for transgender youth is important for their health, with low regret for gender-affirming hormone use and a need for knowledgeable care providers.
17 citations,
July 2015 in “Biomolecules and Biomedicine” High Nesfatin-1 and low Vitamin D may increase blood pressure and heart rate in women with PCOS.
16 citations,
September 2018 in “Clinical Biochemistry” The document concludes that more research is needed to fully understand the causes of PCOS.
15 citations,
August 2021 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders” COVID-19 and hypopituitarism (reduced pituitary gland function) are linked, with the latter's related health issues potentially worsening COVID-19 outcomes, and COVID-19 possibly increasing risk for pituitary complications.
13 citations,
February 2007 in “British Journal of Dermatology” EF and PXE not closely related.
9 citations,
January 2022 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” High levels of male hormones and irregular periods best predict how well PCOS patients will respond to metformin treatment.
8 citations,
July 2017 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” DHT affects testicular development and regulates spermatogenesis in some fish.
7 citations,
January 2022 in “Animal Reproduction” Using rodents for research shows that health problems in the womb can cause diseases later in life.
6 citations,
January 2019 in “F1000Research” High triglyceride levels are a key factor affecting testosterone levels in women with PCOS.
6 citations,
June 2010 in “Fertility and Sterility” Finasteride helps induce ovulation in nonresponder PCOS women.
6 citations,
January 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Estrogen receptors may not affect mouse hair growth as previously thought, and oxybenzone in sunscreen is stable in sunlight.
5 citations,
August 2018 in “Sexual Medicine Reviews” 5α-Reductase inhibitors do not consistently increase testosterone levels in the blood.