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A 15-year-old girl with no menstrual period was diagnosed with a genetic condition that makes her body unable to respond to male hormones, leading to female characteristics despite having male genetic makeup.

A patient with untreated congenital adrenal hyperplasia had large benign tumors in her adrenal glands removed, improving her symptoms.

PCOS is a common hormonal disorder in women that can be managed with medication and lifestyle changes like exercise and weight control.

A boy with early puberty and laughing seizures was treated, stopping seizures and slowing puberty.

Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.

Non-hormonal treatments should be used first for sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal breast cancer patients on aromatase inhibitors, with hormones as a second option.

Androgen receptors are key for development and health, affecting conditions like prostate cancer and male pattern baldness.

Finasteride may treat baldness but less effective for those with 5α-reductase deficiency.

A male with aromatase deficiency improved bone health with estradiol treatment.

Reproductive gynecologists are the main referrers for male infertility evaluations in North America.

Cyproterone acetate is effective for treating hirsutism, but some patients may feel worse on low-dose maintenance therapy.

Men with hormonal imbalances similar to PCOS may have increased risk of metabolic and heart diseases.

Low-dose spironolactone is safe and effective for treating hirsutism.

A topical treatment safely and effectively reduced acne by causing targeted cell death in sebaceous glands without side effects.

The treatment temporarily improved symptoms of hyperandrogenism in adolescents.

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is crucial for conditions like male-pattern baldness and acne, and measuring a byproduct, androstanediol glucuronide, is a better way to assess DHT's effects than DHT blood levels.

Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes modest feminization in transgender female adolescents, and works better with added estrogens.

Losing weight and taking birth control pills can greatly improve severe male hormone excess in women with PCOS.

The document concludes that personalized hormonal treatments are important for transgender individuals and more research is needed for non-binary treatments.

Most patients experienced hirsutism again after stopping hormone treatment, indicating long-term treatment is needed to maintain results.

The document concludes that accurately identifying leukemia types is crucial, and the risks of cancer from finasteride need careful evaluation against its benefits.

Current alopecia treatments manage symptoms but don't cure, and better treatments are needed.

Early detection of ovarian steroid cell tumors is crucial to prevent lasting symptoms.

Insulin resistance is linked to high male hormone levels in women, often seen in those with PCOS.

Many women with hard-to-treat acne also have PCOS.

A woman had a rare liver tumor causing male-like physical changes, highlighting the need for thorough checks when such symptoms appear.

Blood tests can detect ovarian Leydig cell tumors when scans don't, and surgery can confirm and treat these tumors.

A thorough diagnostic process and teamwork are crucial for managing complex hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women.

A woman's severe male-like symptoms were caused by a rare, benign tumor in her ovary that produced male hormones.

A postmenopausal woman's increased male hormone levels were successfully treated with surgery.