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Fibroblast Growth Factor-9 (FGF-9) can help improve heart function in diabetic mice after a heart attack by reducing inflammation and harmful changes to the heart's structure.

Androgens increase muscle mass by promoting myoblast growth through ornithine decarboxylase.

cDermo-1 causes dense skin, feathers, and scales in chickens.

Fibroblasts are important in healing diabetic wounds, but high sugar levels can harm their function and slow down the healing process.

As skin cells mature, vitamin D receptor levels decrease while retinoid X receptor α levels increase.

Nitric Oxide has potential in medicine, especially for infections and heart treatments, but its short life and delivery challenges limit its use.

The review concludes that innovations in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and developmental biology are essential for effective tissue repair and organ transplants.

Retinoic acid affects male and female muscle energy use and function differently.

Cell polarity signaling controls tissue mechanics and cell fate, with complex interactions and varying pathways across species.

Eyelid cells share signaling components but differ in pathway activity.

Understanding how acne develops in different diseases could lead to new treatments.

Meis2 is essential for touch sensation and proper nerve connection to touch receptors in certain skin areas of mice.

Different people show different symptoms for genetic diseases because of how sensitive their bodies are to small changes in important factors.

Not having enough or having too much of the protein Grainyhead-like 3 leads to various developmental problems.

Chicken feather gene mutation helps understand human hair disorders.

Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.

Androgen receptors are key for development and health, affecting conditions like prostate cancer and male pattern baldness.

Removing part of the vitamin D receptor stops vitamin D from working properly.

A 19-year-old male with delayed puberty was successfully treated for a condition that prevents normal hormone production.

Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause different levels of androgen insensitivity, making it hard to create simple tests for the condition.

The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.

The document concludes that accurate diagnosis of male and female gonadal disorders is crucial for effective treatment and better patient outcomes.

The document concludes that PCOS is a complex disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors, affecting women's health in various ways, and requires personalized treatment.

Products should be called 'sperm-safe' only after thorough, well-designed tests.

Healthcare providers should start with simple fertility tests and treatments before referring patients to specialists.

The document concludes that sex hormones are crucial for mammalian reproduction, health, and behavior, and require more research for therapeutic use.

Early treatment of PCOS in teens is crucial to prevent long-term health issues like diabetes and heart disease.

Genetic mutations can affect female sexual development, requiring personalized medical care.

Transglutaminase activity is important for skin and is found in both mammals and birds.

Testosterone undecanoate safely and effectively increased penis size in male children with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency.