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The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.

K_ATP channel gene mutations are linked to heart diseases, but more research is needed to understand the connection and treatment potential.

Targeting androgen receptors could be a promising way to treat skin disorders with fewer side effects.

Human skin cells produce proenkephalin, which changes with environmental factors and skin diseases.

5α-reductase inhibitors can cause sexual problems, higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer, and depression.

Certain bacteria and fungi are linked to healthy scalps and dandruff, suggesting that the scalp's microbial balance affects its health.

Researchers found 15 new genetic links to skin traits in Japanese women.

Steroid sex hormones activate matriptase in prostate cancer cells but not in breast cancer cells.

Minoxidil needs activation to work, and minoxidil sulfate helps with hair growth and blood pressure.

Natural 5α-reduced glucocorticoids might be anti-inflammatory with fewer side effects than current options.

Three new types of a skin blistering disease were found, caused by specific gene mutations.

A gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, AtPRPL1, affects root hair length but not cell wall composition.

Trichoscopy is a useful tool for diagnosing hair disorders without pulling out hair.

Teriflunomide is an effective and generally safe oral treatment for relapsing MS, reducing relapses and slowing disability progression.

Two distinct pathways direct proteins to vacuoles in Arabidopsis, affecting root hair growth and protein targeting.

Existing drug dexamethasone may lower death risk in severe COVID-19 cases; more research needed for other drugs.

ROOT HAIR SPECIFIC 10 (RHS10) reduces the length of root hairs in Arabidopsis plants.

Pannexin 3 is important for bone formation and the development of bone cells.

The research concluded that selection significantly shaped the genetic variation of the X chromosome, with certain regions affected by past selective events.

Finasteride irreversibly affects human steroid 5α-reductase 2, providing insight into its catalytic mechanism and disease-related mutations.

The study concluded that three enzymes are important for plant development by affecting sugar composition and calcium binding in plants.

Proper control of β-catenin activity is crucial for development and preventing diseases like cancer.

Activating ER-β, not ER-α, improves skin cell growth and wound healing.

The composition with carnitine, thioctic acid, and saw palmetto extract may effectively reduce inflammation in hair follicle cells.

Sebaceous glands play a key role in skin health, immunity, and various skin diseases.

Systemic retinoids are effective for psoriasis but have side effects; benefits may outweigh risks, especially when reducing cancer risks from other treatments.

Non-immune factors play a significant role in alopecia areata.

Gelatin microspheres with stem cells speed up healing in diabetic wounds.

The enzymes 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase help create brain-active substances from progesterone and testosterone, which could be used for treatment, but more research is needed to ensure their safety and effectiveness.

An imbalance in gut bacteria is linked to skin immune diseases and may affect their outcomes and related health issues.