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The skin systems of jawed vertebrates evolved diverse appendages like hair and scales from a common structure over 420 million years ago.

People with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia are more likely to experience long-term fatigue and hair loss after COVID-19.

Enzymes are classified into six types and are essential for many biological processes, with only a few targeted by drugs.

Polycystic ovary syndrome causes high male hormone levels, leading to symptoms like excess hair, acne, and fertility problems.

Genes and epigenetic changes are important in the development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Plant root hair growth is controlled by the hormone auxin, which affects the production of certain oxygen-related molecules through a specific process.

Alopecia areata involves both innate and adaptive immunity, with specific genes linked to the disease.

Auxin and ethylene hormones both work together and against each other to control plant growth.

Epidermal stem cells are diverse and vary in activity, playing key roles in skin maintenance and repair.

Men generally have more severe COVID-19 cases and higher death rates than women due to biological differences.

Certain immune cells in the skin release a protein that stops hair growth by keeping hair stem cells inactive.

Lysophospholipids like LPA and S1P are important for hair growth, immune responses, and vascular development, and could be targeted for treating diseases.

Targeting ATM could help manage heart cell enlargement due to pressure overload.

B-Raf and C-Raf are essential for maintaining melanocyte stem cells to prevent hair graying.

Finasteride side effects in young men may be linked to specific gene variations.

The document concludes that systemic autoimmune diseases are complex, incurable, and require ongoing treatment and research.

Biotin and acetazolamide improved hair and nail growth, mental function, and reduced headaches in a child with autism.

Blocking cell death in certain stem cells can improve wound healing and tissue regeneration.

Melanocytes are diverse cells important for pigmentation and skin health, influenced by genetics and environment.

Researchers identified genes in scalp hair follicles that may affect hair traits and hair loss.

The cause of Frontal fibrosing alopecia, a type of hair loss, is complex, likely involving immune responses and genetics, but is not fully understood.

Adding soybean oil to Nonomuraea dietziae increases production of a beneficial compound by improving metabolism and enzyme systems.

VEGF helps squamous cell carcinoma grow in ways beyond just blood vessel formation.

Excessive hair growth in women, often from high androgen levels, is usually caused by PCOS, and can be treated with hair removal, medication, and possibly weight loss.

The zinc finger protein 3 in Arabidopsis thaliana reduces plant growth and root hair development.

Male-pattern baldness has a weak link to heart disease and some related health conditions.

No significant link was found between the studied genes and female hair loss in the Polish population.

TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

Caspases are enzymes important for both cell death and various non-lethal cell functions, affecting head development and hair growth, with different caspases playing specific roles.

Understanding how androgens and their receptors work can lead to improved treatments for skin diseases.