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Estrogen Receptor ß (ERß) is the main hormone controller in human skin and hair follicles, not Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) or the Androgen Receptor (AR).

Estrogens and SERMs can help with skin aging, but their safety and effectiveness need more research.

Women with acromegaly often have irregular periods due to hormone imbalances and growth hormone effects.

Human hair follicles can make and process prostaglandins, which may affect hair growth.

Glutamine metabolism affects hair stem cell maintenance and their ability to change back to stem cells.

More PDCD4 is linked to obesity, insulin problems, and cell death in ovaries for those with polycystic ovary syndrome.

An enzyme other than TNAP might be responsible for vitamin B-6 metabolism in the skin.

Runx1 controls fat-related genes important for normal and cancer cell growth, affecting skin and hair cell behavior.

Topical estrogen helps hair growth in menopausal women with no major side effects.

Changes in testosterone and estrogen receptor genes can affect how men age, influencing body fat, hair patterns, and possibly leading to skin disorders.

Finasteride causes temporary cell death in BPH tissues.

Estrogen is important for keeping adult mouse nipple skin healthy by controlling certain cell signals.

Androgens, like DHT, affect hair growth and treatments like finasteride may help.

Altered metabolism can help control seizures by changing brain signaling and energy use, suggesting new treatments for epilepsy.

Using 5-alpha reductase inhibitors may lower the risk of breast cancer in females.

Estrogen helps prevent artery plaque by stopping monocyte capture in blood vessels.

Alopecia patients have less GPER-1, which might affect hair loss.

Melatonin in the skin helps protect against damage from stress and UV rays, and could be used to treat certain skin conditions.

Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone play a role in women's health issues like excess hair and baldness, and treatments blocking these hormones may help.

Testosterone reduces heart damage and inflammation after injury.

The research found that measuring androgens in urine can give extra information about body metabolism and is linked to androgen levels in the blood, especially in young girls.

Long-term finasteride use doesn't change bone density or metabolism.

Scientists identified three genes important for processing certain brain chemicals, thyroid hormones, and medications.

Melatonin may benefit skin health and could be a promising treatment in dermatology.

PCOS may start before birth, involves metabolic issues, and can be treated with drugs like metformin and lifestyle changes.

Androgens and androgen receptors are important for metabolic health, affecting how the body uses glucose and fats through mitochondrial function.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves physical performance in trans men to the level of cisgender men, while in trans women, it increases fat mass and decreases muscle mass, with no advantage in physical performance after 2 years.

Cyproterone acetate effectively reduced hair growth in hirsute patients by lowering androgen levels and altering androgen metabolism.

Estrogen affects how vitamin A is processed in mouse skin, which may impact acne treatment, hair growth, and skin defense.