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Testosterone therapy can help improve mood, sexual function, and bone health in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed to establish safe and effective guidelines.

The oral contraceptive ethinylestradiol/chlormadinone acetate is effective in reducing acne and improving other skin conditions related to high androgen levels.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Hormonal therapy is effective for treating acne in adult women, especially with signs of high androgen levels.

The research found that measuring androgens in urine can give extra information about body metabolism and is linked to androgen levels in the blood, especially in young girls.

Pica disorder in central Iraq is mainly found in females and is linked to low iron levels; treatment with iron improves most patients.

Hormones, especially testosterone and DHT, are key for penis development and function, and testosterone therapy may help with erectile dysfunction in those with low levels.

Testosterone's role in women's sex drive is unclear and needs more research, as low levels don't always mean less sexual interest and high levels can cause side effects.

People with PCOS, especially if obese, often have NAFLD, linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and high androgen levels.

Hormonal treatments can help with acne, especially in women, by lowering androgen levels or blocking their effects.

Different women's hair and skin glands respond to hormones in varied ways, which can cause unwanted hair growth even with normal hormone levels, and more research is needed to treat this effectively.

To diagnose Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, two out of three signs—irregular periods, high male hormone levels, or cysts on the ovaries—are needed.

Doctors should know how to diagnose and treat PCOS, which often involves checking for high male hormone levels and using medications to manage symptoms.

Hair loss in Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is due to altered cell sensitivity to hormones, not increased hormone levels. Hair growth periods shorten over time, causing hair to become thinner and shorter. This is linked to miscommunication between cell pathways in hair follicles. There's also a change in gene expression related to blood vessels and cell growth in balding hair follicles. The exact molecular causes of AGA are still unclear.

Cyproterone acetate plus ethinyl estradiol is generally more effective in treating hirsutism, but consider side effects and patient characteristics.

Most adrenal cortex tumors are benign and non-secreting, but proper diagnosis and treatment are important due to the rare possibility of cancer.

Dihydrotestosterone makes arteries stiffer in female mice by reducing estrogen receptor expression.

Ovarian Hyperthecosis caused hypersexuality in an older woman and was successfully treated with surgery.

Fulvestrant is a well-tolerated new treatment for advanced breast cancer that may delay chemotherapy.

Minoxidil breakdown varies by enzymes, affecting hair loss treatment effectiveness.

Hair loss in women may have causes other than hormones.

Estrogens generally inhibit hair growth and improve skin quality, but their exact effects on hair follicles are complex and not fully understood.

DHEA did not improve sexual function, well-being, or menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women with low libido but caused side effects like acne and increased facial hair.

Insulin-lowering medications show promise for PCOS symptoms but can't be the main treatment yet due to limited long-term research.

Steroids, particularly estrogens and 5α-reductase inhibitors, affect blood vessel-related hair growth processes in hair follicle cells.

The Random Forest algorithm was the most accurate at diagnosing Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.

Skin problems in older people can indicate hormonal diseases, nutritional deficiencies, or conditions like diabetes, menopause, and HIV.

The conclusion is that young women with excessive hair growth should be quickly tested for hormonal issues and treated to improve their social well-being.

Hormone therapy in transgender women can affect hair growth and acne, and there are specific skin issues related to gender-affirming surgery, but more research is needed on their dermatological health.

ERβ has potential in treating prostate cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, but human studies are needed before clinical use.