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Removing part of the vitamin D receptor stops vitamin D from working properly.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen do not penetrate deep into the skin.

Melatonin in the skin helps protect against damage from stress and UV rays, and could be used to treat certain skin conditions.

The timing of when the gene Bmal1 is active affects aging and survival, with its absence during development, not adulthood, leading to premature aging.

Visible light can damage skin and most sunscreens don't block it well; more research is needed on its effects and protection methods.

The ZIP7 gene helps control zinc levels in cells by moving zinc from the Golgi apparatus to the cytoplasm.

Regulatory T-cells are important for healing and regenerating tissues in various organs by controlling immune responses and aiding stem cells.

Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.

Vitamin D and its receptor regulate skin functions like cell growth, immunity, hair cycle, and tumor prevention.

Lichen planus is a skin condition that can resolve on its own, is linked to hepatitis C, and increases the risk of skin cancer.

Too much Smad7 changes skin and hair development by breaking down a protein called β-catenin, leading to more oil glands and fewer hair follicles.

The document concludes that adenosine receptor agonists have potential for treating various conditions, but only a few are approved due to challenges like side effects and the need for selective activation.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and hair loss, but may cause side effects in some patients.

GABRA2 gene variations impact alcohol response, and hair loss medication finasteride reduces some effects.

Dexamethasone speeds up hair loss in mice, while cyclosporin A slows it down.

Hair follicles produce and respond to melatonin, affecting hair growth and sensitivity to estrogen.

Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation causes dark skin patches and needs personalized treatment.

Skin-derived precursors in hair follicles come from different origins but function similarly.

The document concludes that better biomarkers are needed to detect long-term oral testosterone use in athletes.

Cystatin M/E strongly inhibits cathepsin V and cathepsin L, important for skin formation.

Hormones like estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, and prolactin play complex roles in female sexual function, with testosterone potentially improving sexual desire, arousal, and satisfaction. However, more research is needed to establish safe and effective hormone treatments for female sexual dysfunction.

Nutraceuticals may improve skin health and protect against aging, but more research is needed on their optimal use and possible health risks.

Sensitive skin is often caused by nerve fibers and environmental factors, and can be managed with mild skincare and professional advice.

Low-oxygen conditions and ECM degradation products increase the healing abilities of perivascular stem cells.

The yeast Pityrosporum ovale can cause skin allergies and infections, and antifungal treatments like ketoconazole are effective against it.

The article concludes that better understanding gene regulation related to seasonal changes can offer insights into the mechanisms of seasonal timing in mammals.

EGF and KGF signalling prevent hair follicle formation and promote skin cell development in mice.

A girl with rickets and hair loss was found to have a rare condition where her body didn't respond to vitamin D treatment.

Toxic Shock Syndrome progresses quickly, often involves multiple organs, and is linked to Staphylococcus aureus toxins, with treatment options available but diagnostic challenges remaining.

Hormonal treatments can help with acne but are not the first choice due to side effects and the need for careful patient selection.