18 citations,
January 2008 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Thioglycolic acid and L-cysteine change hair structure differently during perms, affecting hair strength and curling efficiency.
11 citations,
April 2022 in “Biophysical Journal” Disulfide bonds in keratin fibers break more easily under stress, especially when wet, affecting fiber strength.
4 citations,
January 2015 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Hair and wool strength is affected by the number and type of bonds in their protein structures, with hair having more protein aggregates than wool.
3 citations,
January 2019 in “International Journal of Trichology” The balance of thiol-disulfide in women with hair loss is affected but not damaged.
1 citations,
December 2012 in “PubMed” Permanent wave treatment with thioglycolic acid changes hair structure by altering disulfide bonds.
1 citations,
January 2009 in “Journal of S C C J” Changing disulfide bonds in human hair affects its melting behavior and thermal stability.
March 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Disulfide bonds affect the melting behavior of hair's crystalline structure, but hair retains some stability even after these bonds are broken.
December 2021 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Thiol/disulfide balance is normal in male AGA patients but shifts towards oxidative stress with emotional stress and low vitamin D.
1 citations,
January 2019 in “Turk Dermatoloji Dergisi” Oxidative stress is likely important in causing telogen effluvium, and antioxidants might help treat it.
September 2024 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Selenium disulfide shampoo effectively reduces dandruff and is well-liked by users.
September 1980 in “PubMed” Using selenium disulfide on guinea pigs increased hair loss.
51 citations,
September 2012 in “Biomacromolecules” Disulfide bonds make keratin in hair stronger and tougher.
11 citations,
September 1996 in “Journal of applied polymer science” Potassium cyanide treatment changes hair's disulfide bonds, making it more elastic.
May 2024 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Disulfide bonds are crucial for hair's strength, especially when wet.
91 citations,
December 2000 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” Scientists successfully created mouse hair proteins in the lab, which are stable and similar to natural hair.
75 citations,
September 2015 in “Acta biomaterialia” Alkylation of human hair keratin allows for adjustable drug release rates in hydrogels for medical use.
71 citations,
May 2006 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” TTD hair brittleness is caused by multiple structural abnormalities.
47 citations,
January 2017 in “RSC Advances” Keratin peptides can change hair shape gently without harsh chemicals.
42 citations,
January 2011 in “Journal of Biomedical Optics” Infrared and Raman imaging can non-destructively analyze hair structure and help diagnose hair conditions.
35 citations,
February 2006 in “Textile Research Journal” Enzymes xylanase and pectinase clean wool and specialty hair fibers effectively without damage, offering an eco-friendly alternative to soap and hot water.
30 citations,
January 2009 in “The scientific world journal/TheScientificWorldjournal” Hair is hard to dissolve because of its complex proteins, but certain solvents that break specific bonds and hydrate can do it.
25 citations,
December 2011 in “Surface and interface analysis” Bleaching hair causes significant damage by breaking down proteins and fatty acids.
20 citations,
December 2012 in “Journal of molecular structure” The study found that thioglycolic acid breaks down hair bonds more consistently than l-cysteine, which is less damaging to hair.
19 citations,
January 2009 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Hair's strength and flexibility come from its protein structure and molecular interactions.
18 citations,
January 2018 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” Hair keratins evolved from ancient proteins, diversifying through gene changes, crucial for forming claws and later hair in mammals.
16 citations,
October 2003 in “Journal of applied polymer science” 2-iminothiorane hydrochloride improves hair waving permanence without damage.
15 citations,
January 1992 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” The Cell Membrane Complex in hair has both water-attracting and water-repelling layers.
13 citations,
July 2017 in “Biopolymers” Recombinant keratins can form useful structures for medical applications, overcoming natural keratin limitations.
13 citations,
September 2014 in “Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology” UV radiation increases protein loss from hair and reduces hair protein quality.
13 citations,
March 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Hair coloring increases copper and calcium uptake, damaging hair and reducing shine.