Testosterone works in different ways, including direct interaction with its receptor, conversion to other hormones for specific effects on genitalia, hair, bones, and muscle, and changes in body fat and sexual function when low.
45 citations,
December 2006 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Vitamin D and its receptor are essential for hair growth, cell regulation, immune function, and heart health.
May 2017 in “Urology and andrology” Finasteride and dutasteride, used for prostate issues and hair loss, can cause side effects like sexual dysfunction and mental issues, which may continue even after stopping the medication, a condition called post-finasteride syndrome, for which there's currently no cure.
47 citations,
March 2017 in “Materials Science and Engineering: C” Human amniotic membrane helps heal skin wounds faster and with less scarring.
12 citations,
November 2021 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Kidney transplant patients who had COVID-19 experienced a significant drop in their quality of life due to long-lasting symptoms.
5 citations,
April 2024 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Aging skin shows thinner layers, fewer hair follicles, and new biomarkers like increased space between cells and smaller sebaceous glands.
3 citations,
December 1994 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Oral itraconazole effectively reaches and treats deep skin layers in guinea pigs.
2 citations,
August 2016 in “Experimental Dermatology” Finasteride treats baldness but may cause lasting sexual side effects.
15 citations,
January 2009 in “International Journal of Andrology” Liquorice may reduce testosterone and affect male reproductive organs, potentially helping treat conditions like prostate cancer.
1 citations,
August 2019 in “Environmental Toxicology” Exposure to low doses of finasteride in the womb causes changes in the prostate of both male and female gerbils.
16 citations,
July 2012 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” The patient was diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and severe malnutrition, requiring urgent refeeding and monitoring.
July 2024 in “Перспективи та інновації науки” PRP therapy can help heal sports injuries but needs standardized methods.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” An ovarian tumor caused a woman's male-like symptoms, which improved after surgery.
204 citations,
May 2014 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.
16 citations,
January 2003 in “Nuclear Receptor Signaling” Androgens and SARMs play a role in body mass, frailty, skin health, and hair growth, and are used in treating prostate cancer, acne, and hair loss, with potential for new uses and improved versions in the future.
9 citations,
April 1993 in “Journal of the National Cancer Institute” Interleukin-2 treatment improved hair growth, sexual function, and reduced fungal infection in a patient with thymoma-related symptoms.
7 citations,
January 2019 in “Pharmaceutical Biology” Eclipta prostrata helps hair growth and maintains the growth phase by affecting certain growth factors.
July 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” A patient with a PLEC mutation has epidermolysis bullosa, muscular dystrophy, and myasthenia gravis, which improved with steroid treatment.
January 2012 in “The Year book of dermatology” A woman developed severe kidney injury from using simvastatin with ciclosporin, highlighting the need for careful monitoring when combining these drugs.
The case showed the need for quick investigation of virilization in women and how emotional health is linked to physical health.
October 2007 in “Postgraduate obstetrics & gynecology” Testosterone therapy can help postmenopausal women with low sexual desire but needs more safety research and should be used with estrogen therapy.
10 citations,
January 2015 in “European journal of pharmacology” Ginsenoside Rb1 may help remodel hypertrophic scars effectively at a dose of 0.56 mg.
3 citations,
February 2021 in “FEBS open bio” Camellia japonica extract may improve scalp health and promote hair growth.
48 citations,
May 2015 in “NPJ microgravity” A 3-month stay in space causes skin thinning, disrupts hair growth, and changes muscle-related genes in mice.
163 citations,
November 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Low iron levels may be linked to some types of hair loss in women.
24 citations,
May 2019 in “PLOS ONE” The African spiny mouse can fully regenerate its muscle without scarring, unlike the common house mouse.
20 citations,
December 2010 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Decreased CD200 in hair follicles may cause immune issues in some alopecia areata cases.
20 citations,
October 2008 in “European journal of endocrinology” Lower lipin 1β in belly fat is linked to insulin resistance in people with polycystic ovary syndrome.
22 citations,
February 2013 in “Wound Repair and Regeneration” Mice genetically modified to produce more CD109 in their skin had less inflammation and better healing with less scarring.
18 citations,
September 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Women with PCOS have higher levels of a certain growth factor, which can be reduced by taking metformin.