6 citations,
December 2018 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” CARB is a strong barrier in human hair that prevents dye penetration.
3 citations,
July 2003 in “PubMed” The research found a way to measure hair surface changes by analyzing how light reflects off of it, and determined hair cuticle angles vary by hair length and color.
December 2021 in “Journal of natural fibers” The conclusion is that new methods for isolating hair cuticle cells and removing the cuticle layer are effective and convenient.
August 1985 in “Proceedings ... annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America/Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America” Hair dye can damage dog hair and cause health issues.
67 citations,
December 1990 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” Researchers found genes for cysteine-rich proteins that form the protective layer of hair in humans and sheep.
27 citations,
May 2019 in “Cosmetics” The hair cuticle is made of tough proteins that protect the hair, but more research is needed to fully understand its structure.
17 citations,
February 1987 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” The hair cuticle acts as a barrier against fungal infection, which occurs only deep within the hair follicle.
1 citations,
November 2003 in “Humana Press eBooks” AFM helps study hair surfaces for dermatology, cosmetics, and forensics.
12 citations,
January 1988 in “YAKUGAKU ZASSHI” Certain natural extracts can promote hair regrowth.
10 citations,
March 2005 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Oxidation changes human hair by breaking down fats and forming new acidic groups, affecting how it interacts with conditioners and cosmetics.
6 citations,
April 2005 in “Journal of dermatological science” The study found nine new hair protein genes in human hair follicles.
November 2022 in “International journal of trichology” Glyoxylic acid straighteners cause more protein loss but have similar hair strength effects as traditional alkaline straighteners.
56 citations,
January 1996 in “Journal of Forensic Sciences” Dye enters hair at the edges of cuticle cells and penetrates more from water than alcohol-based solutions.
24 citations,
November 2015 in “Scientific reports” Human hair has a new region with ordered filaments and the cuticle contains β-keratin sheets.
20 citations,
January 2003 in “Journal of oleo science” Chemical treatments and daily stresses damage hair, especially the cuticle layer.
19 citations,
May 2008 in “Applied spectroscopy” Human hair has different protein structures in its cuticle and cortex.
19 citations,
July 1964 in “PubMed” Hair follicle cells become four types: medulla, cortex, cuticle, and inner root sheath.
18 citations,
January 1994 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Sunlight damages hair, causing cuticle loss, protein changes, and discoloration.
17 citations,
July 2014 in “Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine” Abnormal cuticle and hair shaft medulla cause hair loss in androgenetic alopecia; sonography helps diagnose and manage it.
15 citations,
February 1999 in “The anatomical record” Some mutant mice have hair with abnormal cross-linking, mainly in the cuticle, not affecting other hair parts.
10 citations,
January 2002 in “Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakaishi/Journal of S C C./Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakai kaishi” The cuticle significantly contributes to hair stiffness, making up about 60% of the total bending stress.
9 citations,
July 2018 in “Acta biomaterialia” Eyelash curvature is linked to the thickness of the cuticle layer at the root.
9 citations,
January 2011 in “Journal of X-ray science and technology” Perming and bleaching damage hair differently, with bleached hair having more cysteic acid in the cuticle.
August 2007 in “Microscopy and Microanalysis” Hair fibers break by cuticle cell slipping, shape changing, cuticle fraying, and surface cracking when stretched under specific conditions.
February 1999 in “The anatomical record” Two mouse mutants have defective hair cuticle cross-linking.
4 citations,
January 2017 in “Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin” Inhibiting ALOX12 can help hair cuticle maturation by increasing S100A3 citrullination.
49 citations,
April 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Hair ages as the cuticle wears down, especially beyond 1 meter from the root, affecting its strength and shine.
1 citations,
January 2007 in “AIP conference proceedings” High-resolution x-ray images showed three main structures in human hair: medulla, cortex, and cuticle.
117 citations,
August 2005 in “Ultramicroscopy” Human hair's strength and flexibility vary by ethnicity, damage, and treatment.
81 citations,
December 2007 in “Acta materialia” AFM helped show how hair changes under tension and the effects of damage and conditioner.