May 2026 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study found that repeated exposure to ozonated water caused oxidative changes in hair proteins, lipids, and pigments, leading to altered hair properties, with minimal effects on shine and color.
January 1996 in “대한피부과학회지” This study found that permanent dye application causes initial swelling and subsequent degradation of the hair cuticle, with recovery taking more than 8 weeks to approach pre-treatment conditions.
September 2025 in “Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA” This study reported that albino Wistar rats exposed to chemical hair straighteners showed significant hair fiber damage and scalp skin deterioration, which worsened with repeated and prolonged application, highlighting the cytotoxic potential of these products and potential systemic risks.
January 2014 in “한국미용학회지” This study observed that long-term UV-A exposure and semi-permanent dye treatment can cause significant structural damage to human hair, particularly affecting the cuticle and cortex layers.
23 citations
,
August 2019 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” Pollution exposure speeds up hair damage.
356 citations
,
December 1986 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” This study found that specific human hair keratins are differentially expressed in the hair follicle, suggesting a shared pathway of epithelial differentiation between hair cortex and nail plate cells.
16 citations
,
October 2015 in “Photochemistry and photobiology” This study found that higher concentrations of copper (II) ions in human hair increase protein oxidative modification, contributing to hair damage regardless of UV exposure and pigmentation level.
18 citations
,
June 2009 in “Journal of Molecular Endocrinology” This study found that exposure to finasteride impaired spermatogenesis in male Xenopus laevis by affecting sex-specific feedback mechanisms in the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonad axis.
29 citations
,
June 2004 in “Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior” Finasteride reduces alcohol withdrawal effects, especially in female mice.
1 citations
,
January 2019 in “Elsevier eBooks” This review suggests that GABAergic neuroactive steroids modulated by alcohol could play a role in vulnerability to alcohol use disorders, providing a rationale for further therapeutic exploration.
May 2022 in “Голова и шея.” In this pilot study, researchers observed that low-intensity laser radiation at 445±40 nm increased the temperature of gingival tissues in Wistar rats by 8.37°C without exceeding the safety threshold, suggesting potential for clinical trials.
99 citations
,
June 2005 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This article reviews factors influencing hair aging and available treatments like minoxidil and finasteride for androgenetic alopecia but reports no new clinical results.
29 citations
,
February 2019 in “Environment international” This study found that higher prenatal and early childhood lead exposure may be associated with delayed pubertal development in girls, but not in boys, in Mexico City.
25 citations
,
May 1994 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study identified a novel gene, hacl-1, that is specifically expressed in the hair follicles of ICR mouse skin and is associated with their active state.
21 citations
,
January 2020 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” This review examines the diverse roles of SRD5α enzymes across species, focusing on their involvement in steroid synthesis, sexual development, and various physiological processes, but reports no new clinical results.
12 citations
,
January 2007 in “Current problems in dermatology” This review discusses the impact of various exogenous agents on hair, such as cosmetics and radiation, but reports no new experimental results.
6 citations
,
April 1996 in “Journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry/The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry” This study suggests that TGF-alpha may function in an autocrine or juxtacrine manner rather than promoting cell proliferation during hair growth cycles in ferrets and sheep.
This review highlights recent advances in the use of light exposure for health purposes, examining its role in pathology, therapeutic strategies, and molecular changes, as well as discussing future developments in this globally supported field.
This chapter discusses the role of orthognathic surgeons in facial feminization surgery, focusing on procedures such as forehead reduction and orbital rim contouring, but reports no new clinical results.
July 2016 in “Indian journal of science and technology” In this study, researchers found that neonate hairs have a distinct microstructure with no medulla and smaller hair follicles compared to adult hairs.
January 2015 in “Springer eBooks” Hair damage shows as fragility, dullness, and discoloration, varies by ethnicity, and is worsened by cosmetic procedures and diseases.
June 2026 in “Discover Nano” This review discusses current treatment strategies for alopecia and highlights the potential of lipid-based nanoparticles to improve drug delivery to the scalp and hair follicles, noting their ability to enhance skin penetration and drug stability while outlining associated challenges and the need for further research.
65 citations
,
March 2016 in “Lasers in Medical Science” This review found that many low-level light therapy studies report beneficial effects but often fail to provide adequate measurement details, affecting the reliability and repeatability of the research.
13 citations
,
November 2016 in “Human & Experimental Toxicology” This study found that maternal exposure to artificial food coloring additives altered the expression of CYP1A1, various glutathione S-transferases, and VEGF in rat skin, which could influence skin disease development.
3 citations
,
December 2018 in “Routledge eBooks” This chapter reviews the chemistry of keratin fibers, which are essential for understanding the structural stability and functionality of mammalian hair and other similar biological materials.
March 2005 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that reintroducing certain depleted amino acids into weathered hair using cosmetic treatments can strengthen the hair, improving its look and feel and reducing damage and breakage.
September 2026 in “Journal of Aesthetic Medicine” This review discusses the various determinants of hair quality in healthy individuals and reports no new clinical results; the authors emphasize the need for independent trials with standardized outcomes.
34 citations
,
January 2011 in “Annals of dermatology/Annals of Dermatology” This study found that using a hair dryer at 15 cm with continuous motion causes less surface damage to hair compared to natural drying, although higher temperatures increased overall surface damage.
March 2024 in “GSC Advanced Research and Reviews” This study observed that exposure to different wavelengths of light affects opsin and clock gene responses in skin cells, suggesting potential therapeutic approaches using photobiomodulation for dermatological conditions like psoriasis and wound healing.
4 citations
,
January 2007 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” This study found that permanent wave treatment accelerates hair degradation after protease exposure, showing significant morphological differences compared to untreated hair and linked to damage from Alpha-helical region denaturation.