February 2023 in “Mağallaẗ Tikrīt li-l-ʻulūm al-ṣirfaẗ/Tikrit journal of pure science” Horse skin has a layered epidermis, a dermis with hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands, and is supplied by small arteries.
March 2015 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery” Human skin has multiple layers and functions, with key roles in protection, temperature control, and appearance.
351 citations,
February 2010 in “Nature Cell Biology” Basal cell carcinoma mostly starts from cells in the upper skin layers, not hair follicle stem cells.
18 citations,
August 2014 in “Lipids” Human hair has more unsaturated fats inside than on the surface, and certain lipids may help bind the outer and inner layers together.
29 citations,
November 2011 in “Veterinary pathology” The study found that mouse sweat glands develop before birth, mature after birth, and have specific keratin patterns.
June 2021 in “Research Square (Research Square)” The exact identity of skin stem cells and how skin cells differentiate is not fully known.
August 2015 in “Free Radical Biology and Medicine” Nrf2 helps protect skin from damage but too much can cause skin problems.
140 citations,
January 2009 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Liposomes improve drug delivery and reduce skin irritation in dermatology.
22 citations,
April 2020 in “Scientific reports” Changthangi goats have specific genes that help produce Pashmina wool.
10 citations,
January 2012 in “Journal of biomedical optics” Melanin density affects hair color, and this method can help in cosmetic assessments and diagnosing hair diseases.
10 citations,
January 2010 in “Veterinary pathology” A new mutation in the hairless gene causes hair loss and skin wrinkling in mice.
9 citations,
January 1981 in “Australian journal of biological sciences” Lambs fed a liquid diet showed abnormal wool and skin, which improved with more B-vitamins, suggesting a link to B-vitamin deficiency.
156 citations,
August 2016 in “Journal of controlled release” Tight junctions are key for skin protection and controlling what gets absorbed or passes through the skin.
95 citations,
July 2015 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Lipid nanoparticles can help deliver drugs through hair follicles but struggle to penetrate deeper skin layers.
November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Human-induced stem cell-created skin models can help understand skin diseases by studying the skin's layers.
788 citations,
February 2007 in “Nature” The document concludes that skin stem cells are important for hair growth and wound healing, and could be used in regenerative medicine.
22 citations,
April 2018 in “Pharmaceutics” New methods improve how well skin treatments work by helping drugs get through the skin barrier.
10 citations,
October 1993 in “Archives of dermatological research” Vitamin D compounds may help treat psoriasis by promoting skin cell differentiation.
January 2016 in “Experimental Dermatology” New findings suggest potential treatments for melanoma, hyperpigmentation, hair defects, and multiple sclerosis, and show skin microbiome changes don't cause atopic dermatitis.
January 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Some cells may slow melanoma growth, a protein could affect skin pigmentation, a gene-silencing method might treat hair defects, skin bacteria changes likely result from eczema, and a defensin protein could help treat multiple sclerosis.
40 citations,
January 2010 in “International Journal of Trichology” Loose Anagen Syndrome is a hair condition where hairs can be easily pulled out, mainly affecting young girls, and may improve on its own or with treatment.
17 citations,
June 2012 in “Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution” Hair in mammals likely evolved from glandular structures, not scales.
9 citations,
January 2008 in “Acta histochemica et cytochemica” COX-2 levels change during the hair cycle and affect skin and hair growth.
253 citations,
March 1994 in “Developmental dynamics” Apoptosis is essential for human skin development and forming a functional epidermis.
36 citations,
May 2016 in “Biomaterials” Endo-HSE helps grow hair-like structures from human skin cells in the lab.
9 citations,
January 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks” Skin's epithelial stem cells are crucial for repair and maintenance, and understanding them could improve treatments for skin problems.
8 citations,
April 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Certain genetic changes in the LSS gene cause a rare skin and hair condition.
6 citations,
April 1996 in “Journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry/The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry” TGF-alpha is present in sheep and ferret skin and may affect hair growth without directly stimulating cell proliferation.
May 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences” The ABCA4 gene protects hair follicle stem cells from toxic vitamin A byproducts.
Proretinal nanoparticles are a safe and effective way to deliver retinal to the skin.