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Advanced nanocarrier and microneedle drug delivery methods are more effective, safer, and less invasive for treating skin diseases.

Transdermal testosterone can improve sexual desire in postmenopausal women but lacks long-term safety data and is not FDA-approved for this use.

The skin is a complex barrier for drug penetration, but understanding its structure and interactions can improve drug delivery methods.

Menopause significantly reduces skin collagen, leading to thinner, less elastic skin, and hormone replacement may help but requires careful consideration.

Most adrenal cortex tumors are benign and non-secreting, but proper diagnosis and treatment are important due to the rare possibility of cancer.

Mice without certain skin enzymes have faster hair growth and bigger eye glands.

Dermal Papilla cells are a promising tool for evaluating hair growth treatments.

Melatonin receptors in hair follicles help regulate hair growth and could treat hair loss.

Different species and human skin models vary in their skin enzyme activities, with pig skin and some models closely matching human skin, useful for safety assessments and understanding the skin's protective roles.

Myristoleic acid helps hair growth by boosting cell growth and recycling processes in hair follicle cells.

The document concludes that current treatments for androgenic alopecia are not fully effective, but new therapies like botulinum toxin and PRP show promise, and future gene therapy could be beneficial.

Testosterone therapy can improve sexual satisfaction and mood in surgically menopausal women when used with estrogen, but its long-term safety and effects on naturally menopausal and premenopausal women are unclear.

Blocking 11β-HSD1 can lessen the harmful effects of glucocorticoids on hair growth cells.

Targeting glucocorticoid action might help treat type-2 diabetes, but human trials are needed.

Testosterone replacement can help women with low libido and mood, but they need to have enough estrogen first to avoid side effects.

Non-hormonal treatments should be used first for sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal breast cancer patients on aromatase inhibitors, with hormones as a second option.

Prostate-specific antigen may be a new marker for excess male hormones in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.

Women with PCOS have fewer activated T cells in their ovarian follicles, which might affect fertility.

The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.

Androgen therapy can help with symptoms like low libido in women, but more research is needed to understand its long-term safety and effects on health.

Estrogen loss during menopause worsens skin health, but hormone replacement therapy may improve it, though more research is needed.

Pilose antler extracts help hair growth by activating hair follicle stem cells.

Obese mice with a leptin gene mutation have a longer resting phase in their hair cycle, which may help understand certain hair loss conditions.

Hormonal changes and psychological issues can cause sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Behavioral therapy is recommended first, with hormone replacement helping some symptoms but not libido. Testosterone can improve libido, but its effects on overall sexual function are unclear. Emotional and relationship issues should be addressed before using medication, and the benefits and risks of testosterone supplementation should be considered.

The document concludes that non-operative treatment for gender dysphoria is safe and effective, and hormone therapy does not increase cancer risk.

Some plant-based treatments may help with ovary function, insulin resistance, and excess male hormones in PCOS, but more research is needed to confirm their safety and effectiveness.

Bee venom helps hair grow and may work better than some common treatments.

Animal models, especially mice, are essential for advancing hair loss research and treatment.

Retinoic acid-binding proteins in skin are regulated by β-catenin and Notch signalling.