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This chapter discusses the sources, classifications, and effects of hormones, their role in disease treatment and food security, and reports no new results.

This source highlights the essential role of androgens in women's health, noting their impact on various body systems and the critical need for more research on androgen therapies regarding side effects, patient selection, and laboratory standardization.

This study developed a framework to handle missing participant data in systematic reviews for continuous outcomes, finding varied impacts on confidence in effect estimates across reviewed cases.

In this study, researchers analyzed English primary care data and found that long-COVID symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive, and mobility impairments persisted at 6–12 months after infection, though these effects were generally less pronounced following the later pandemic wave.

This review suggests a causal relationship between finasteride, used for hair loss, and persistent neuropsychiatric side effects like depression, citing evidence that fulfills key causality criteria and calls for cautious use along with strengthened regulatory oversight.

This study found no clear associations between childhood atopic dermatitis and general cognitive ability, although moderate-to-severe cases may slightly affect specific cognitive components like nonverbal IQ.

In this study, repeated finasteride administration was associated with decreased social interaction and cognitive deficits in male rats, potentially linked to changes in cholinergic system activity.

This review discusses the side effects of carbamazepine, valproate, and clonazepam, noting that these are rare with long-term use but more common, transient, and generally mild during early treatment.

This study found that etifoxine pretreatment reduced neuroinflammation and improved cognitive function in LPS-induced neuroinflammation in mice, potentially through increased neurosteroid synthesis and reduced apoptosis.

This review highlights that long-term health consequences of COVID-19, affecting multiple body systems, persist after acute infection, necessitating a comprehensive management approach that includes interdisciplinary care and lifestyle interventions to mitigate long-term damage.

This Mendelian randomization study reports that lifelong increased free testosterone in males was associated with improved bone mineral density and body composition but increased risks of prostate cancer, hypertension, and several other conditions.

This study using Mendelian randomization suggests lifelong increased free testosterone in males may have beneficial effects such as increased bone mineral density and decreased body fat, but also increased risks of prostate cancer and hypertension.

This review, drawing on literature and personal experience, suggests that sodium valproate is a safe and effective antiepileptic drug for various epileptic conditions in children and adults, including the elderly.

This review identified significant effects of photobiomodulation therapy on pain reduction in burning mouth syndrome, disability in knee osteoarthritis, and fatigue in fibromyalgia, but noted that most outcomes had low-to-moderate certainty of evidence, indicating a need for further high-quality trials.

This study found that finasteride impaired object recognition memory and altered hippocampal dendritic structures in male 3xTg-AD mice, suggesting potential sex differences in Alzheimer's disease pathology.

This study suggests that apoE4 may contribute to cognitive decline by reducing androgen receptor levels in the brain, but androgen treatment improved memory deficits in female mice expressing human apoE4.

This review outlines the adverse effects of glucocorticoid excess on bones, adipose tissue, brain, and skin, with a focus on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and reports no new research findings.

This study observed that an 8-session mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduced social anxiety and improved wellbeing in some individuals with alopecia areata, though effectiveness may depend on regular mindfulness practice.

This study found that elevated free testosterone levels may reduce body fat and increase bone density in males, but also raise the risk of prostate cancer, hair loss, and benign prostate hyperplasia.

This review provides an overview of the prevalence and management of side effects of mood-stabilizing drugs in bipolar disorder patients and reports no new clinical results.

This review compiles current experimental research on Alzheimer's and cognitive impairment models, highlighting the potential of *Polygonum multiflorum* for treating neurological disorders and suggesting a foundation for future clinical trials.

In this study, lifelong barley intake in SAMP8 mice was associated with extended lifespan, improved aging-related phenotypes, and beneficial shifts in the intestinal microbiome.

Increasing TSPO in the brain may help improve memory problems.

This review discusses the degenerative effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids on the nervous system and reports no new experimental results, aiming to increase public awareness of their health risks.

This review discusses the formation of gintonin LPAs in ginseng during processing and reports no new clinical results; the authors suggest potential benefits against degenerative diseases through LPA receptors.

This study found that combining ASA with conditioned medium from adipose tissue-derived MSCs may offer a promising approach for protecting against hippocampal injuries, suggesting potential synergistic therapeutic benefits that merit further investigation.

This study analyzed self-reports from discussion forums to categorize and understand adverse effects experienced by individuals using finasteride, suggesting a need for further investigation into post-finasteride syndrome.

This study found that 3alpha-diol, an androgen metabolite, improved cognitive and affective performance in aged male rats, suggesting its role in countering age-related decline in hippocampally-influenced behaviors.

This review discusses the relationship between perceived stress and hair loss or graying, exploring hair follicles as a model system but reports no new clinical results.

This commentary reviews the post-Finasteride syndrome and argues that while the condition's validity is debated, comprehensive guidelines are needed to address related risks and treatment options; it reports no new clinical results.