Atypical Formations of Gintonin Lysophosphatidic Acids as New Materials and Their Beneficial Effects on Degenerative Diseases

The review highlights the formation and beneficial effects of gintonin lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) derived from ginseng, particularly Korean Red ginseng, through non-enzymatic pathways. These bioactive phospholipids play significant roles in brain development, hair growth, and exhibit neuroprotective effects against degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and arthritis. Gintonin LPAs act as ligands for GTP-binding-protein coupled receptors, enhancing synaptic transmission, reducing oxidative stress, and inflammation, and improving cognitive functions. Preliminary clinical trials with 10 participants showed cognitive improvements without adverse effects, suggesting gintonin's potential as a safe treatment, though further large-scale trials are needed.