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CRISPR/Cas9 has improved precision and control but still faces clinical challenges.

Amenorrhea, or the absence of periods, should be evaluated by age 15 or within five years of early breast development, and is most commonly caused by conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.

Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

Molecular diagnostics help identify genetic defects causing endocrine diseases, improving diagnosis and treatment options.

Get head MRI for babies with achondroplasia early, use free immunoglobulin light chains to detect certain neurodevelopmental disorders, and video calls work for speech therapy in patients with facial anomalies.

Retinoic acid-binding proteins in skin are regulated by β-catenin and Notch signalling.

Epigenetic mechanisms control skin development by regulating gene expression.

The JAK/STAT pathway is important in cell processes and disease, and JAK inhibitors are promising for treating related conditions.

Harlequin mutant mice have hair loss due to low AIF protein levels and retroviral element activity.

Wild African goats have genetic adaptations for surviving harsh desert conditions.

The human type II 5α-reductase gene has a specific structure important for understanding certain medical conditions.

The AUTS2 gene is linked to neurological disorders and may affect human brain development and cognition.

Rhodococcus equi causes severe pneumonia in young foals, and effective vaccines are needed due to foals' weak immune responses.

A specific protein in chicken embryos links early skin layers to feather development.

Most adrenal cortex tumors are benign and non-secreting, but proper diagnosis and treatment are important due to the rare possibility of cancer.

The document explains the difficulty in diagnosing and treating brain diseases caused by the immune system and stresses the need for quick and accurate tests.

Products should be called 'sperm-safe' only after thorough, well-designed tests.

Abnormal Hedgehog signaling in blood cancers may help tumors grow and resist chemotherapy, suggesting potential for targeted treatments.

Chromosomal differences affect how muscle cells respond to testosterone.

Reducing Tyrosinase prevents mature color pigment cells from forming in mouse hair.

Deleting MED1 in skin cells causes hair loss and skin changes.

SHED-CM can reduce hair graying and protect against damage from X-rays.

Storing hair follicle micrografts for longer times can cause them to enter a state similar to the natural hair shedding phase, which might impact hair transplant results.

Shrunken heads retain some facial features and hair characteristics, allowing for limited individual identification.

Laminin-511 may help promote hair growth, while laminin-332 does not affect hair loss.

Kir6.1 mutations in Cantú syndrome increase channel sensitivity and hyperpolarization, while SUR2B mutations do not.

Genetic factors affect hair loss, and molecular testing may help predict, diagnose, and treat it.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

Collagen and TGF-β2 help maintain hair cell shape and youthfulness.

Women with PCOS may take longer to get pregnant but can have a normal family size, and should manage their overall health to reduce long-term health risks.