November 2020 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” In this study, repeated finasteride administration was associated with decreased social interaction and cognitive deficits in male rats, potentially linked to changes in cholinergic system activity.
96 citations
,
March 2003 in “Life Sciences” This study found that acetylcholine levels in the superficial skin of atopic dermatitis patients were significantly higher compared to healthy volunteers, suggesting a potential role in skin cell regulation.
February 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” In this study, the researchers found that cholinergic signaling via M4 muscarinic receptors influences hair growth, with enhanced elongation observed upon activation with bethanechol, highlighting its potential role in hair biology using mouse models.
This study observed that stimulating the cholinergic system via muscarinic receptors in dermal papilla cells and other hair-related tissues promoted hair growth, with mechanisms involving the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathways in cell cultures and increased hair shaft elongation in mouse vibrissae treated with bethanechol.
September 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences” In this study involving ICR mice, researchers found that Korean red pine bark extract improved cognitive functions impaired by TMT through mechanisms like antioxidant system protection, cholinergic and synaptic support, mitochondrial regulation, and reduction of neuro-inflammation and apoptosis.
June 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” In this study, researchers used a reporter mouse model to identify and characterize distinct subtypes of dopaminergic neurons in the gut's enteric nervous system, revealing novel populations with potential implications for understanding their roles and vulnerabilities in disease.
May 2026 in “European Cells and Materials” In this study, researchers developed a novel delivery system using hyaluronic acid gels to encapsulate Huperzine A for Alzheimer's treatment, achieving extended release over 20 days and significantly improving pathology and behavior in mice, including enhanced memory and reduced neuroinflammation.
9 citations
,
January 2019 in “Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii” The skin acts like an endocrine organ, making hormones that affect skin diseases and respond to stress.
349 citations
,
January 2005 in “The FASEB journal” This review discusses the cutaneous serotoninergic/melatoninergic system's potential role in skin function and resilience against environmental and internal stresses, but does not report new experimental findings.
104 citations
,
January 2014 in “Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry” This review outlines the oral toxic effects of chemotherapy and stresses the need for evaluating dental health prior to treatment to mitigate these complications, but it reports no new clinical results.
26 citations
,
January 2017 in “Acta dermato-venereologica” This review examines the use of monoaminergic antidepressants for inflammatory skin disorders and reports they may reduce dermatological symptoms, suggesting a potential role beyond treating psychiatric conditions.
13 citations
,
December 2017 in “CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics” In this study, finasteride was found to inhibit the dopaminergic system and reduce open-field behaviors in adolescent male rats by decreasing dopamine levels and related proteins.
19 citations
,
November 2011 This review discusses the topical use of systemic drugs for cutaneous disorders and reports a lack of strong evidence from randomized controlled trials, highlighting the need for larger comparative effectiveness studies.
249 citations
,
April 2002 in “The FASEB journal” This study provides evidence that human skin contains genes and enzymes necessary for producing serotonin and melatonin.
11 citations
,
April 2013 in “SpringerPlus” This study reports that melanocytes form a defined photoresponsive network in the skin that reads environmental light cycles and may influence the sleep-waking cycle similar to the pineal gland.
January 2009 in “Side effects of drugs annual” This study observed no teratogenic effects of oral decongestants and surprisingly favorable neonatal outcomes in Swedish women who used them during pregnancy.
20 citations
,
February 1977 in “Circulation” Minoxidil lowers blood pressure and increases heart efficiency, but may raise lung artery pressure in some people.
March 2026 in “Journal of Cancer Survivorship” This review highlights the potential for physical exercise to reduce treatment toxicity and modification rates in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer receiving systemic treatments, suggesting benefits for survival outcomes; it recommends further trials to confirm these findings.
148 citations
,
December 2018 in “Journal of autoimmunity” This review discusses genetic and environmental factors contributing to autoimmunity in alopecia areata and reports no new clinical findings, emphasizing the need for further study on its aetiology and pathophysiology.
67 citations
,
July 2016 in “Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders” This review discusses the complex relationship between stress and various skin conditions, highlighting the role of the skin in the stress response and the brain-skin communication pathways, but reports no new research findings.
1308 citations
,
March 1998 in “Journal of bone and mineral research” This review discusses the molecular role of the vitamin D receptor in regulating various biological actions such as bone mineralization and reports no new clinical results, highlighting the complexity of vitamin D's function in multiple tissues.
185 citations
,
February 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This review discusses melatonin's potential in dermatology, highlighting its antioxidative, immunomodulatory, and DNA repair properties, but reports no new clinical results.
72 citations
,
March 2023 in “Biomolecules” This study reviewed the use of dupilumab, beyond its approved indications for atopic dermatitis and prurigo nodularis, and found effective treatment reports for various chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as bullous autoimmune diseases, eczema, and alopecia areata, highlighting its broad potential in dermatology.
58 citations
,
February 2021 in “Toxins” This review concluded that botulinum toxins have various potential off-label uses for dermatological conditions, but further research is needed to fully establish their efficacy and safety in these applications.
48 citations
,
October 2011 in “Sports Medicine” This review covers dermatological conditions experienced by ice-skating athletes due to cold exposure, infections, and inflammation, providing no new clinical findings and emphasizing diagnosis and treatment strategies.
41 citations
,
July 2019 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” This paper explores the complex immune processes and cellular diversity that enable the skin to heal and resist invasion, and highlights its potential as a model for studying regeneration.
1 citations
,
September 2025 in “Physiologia” This study found that systemic ovalbumin–aluminum sensitization followed by cutaneous challenge in mice induced thermal hyperalgesia, increased spinal cord gliosis, and sprouting of nociceptive fibers, along with elevated mast cell and nerve profile densities in the skin compared to controls.
1 citations
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January 2012 in “Elsevier eBooks” The document concludes that the skin is a complex organ providing protection, sensation, and healing, with challenges in treating conditions like itchiness.
January 2026 in “Dermatologic Therapy” In this review, BTXA treatment was reported to effectively increase hair density and improve follicle health in androgenetic alopecia patients by enhancing scalp blood flow and reducing inflammation, without significant adverse effects.
2 citations
,
January 2019 This review discusses autoimmune skin disorders, including lupus erythematosus and scleroderma, and their common treatments, reporting no new clinical results.