Anti-Amnesia-Like Effect of Pinus Densiflora Extract by Improving Apoptosis and Neuroinflammation in Trimethyltin-Induced ICR Mice

The study investigated the anti-amnesia effects of Pinus densiflora extract (KRPBE) on trimethyltin (TMT)-induced cognitive impairment in ICR mice. KRPBE significantly improved cognitive performance in behavioral tests, enhanced antioxidant activity, reduced neuroinflammation, and improved mitochondrial function. It also positively affected the cholinergic system and reduced apoptosis markers. These findings suggest that KRPBE may be a potential therapeutic agent for cognitive impairments associated with neuroinflammation and apoptosis. The study involved 7 mice per group for most tests, with some tests involving 3 or 5 mice.