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The document concludes that diagnosing PCOS in teenagers is difficult and should focus on specific hormone levels and menstrual irregularities, while also considering treatment for symptoms and related health issues.

Advancements in male reproductive medicine are ongoing, but more research and improved treatments are needed in several areas.

Low testosterone in men is a risk factor for a specific heart rhythm issue, and testosterone treatment may help prevent it.

Testosterone replacement therapy should be used for men with low testosterone levels and symptoms of hypogonadism, after careful diagnosis and considering individual needs.

Animal models are crucial for learning about hair loss and finding treatments.

The document concludes that oral finasteride and topical minoxidil are effective for genetic hair loss, while other treatments for different types of hair loss show promise but need more research.

The gene SDR5A1 is found in scalp hair of both hirsute and normal individuals, but it does not explain differences in hair growth.

The osteopontin gene is active in a specific part of rat hair follicles during a certain hair growth phase and might affect hair cycle and diseases.

Primary care for PCOS focuses on lifestyle changes, medication based on symptoms, and mental health, with diabetes screening and specialist referral for severe cases.

Plant-based remedies may treat hair loss by reducing inflammation and improving insulin resistance.

FPHL is common in women, influenced by genetics and hormones, and can be treated with medications, laser therapy, or hair transplantation.

Measuring the distance from the anus to the clitoris may moderately help diagnose polycystic ovary syndrome, especially in certain cases.

Scientists restored fertility in male mice lacking a key fertility gene by using a modified gene.

The study found that analyzing certain cell signaling pathways is not a reliable method to tell apart two types of skin tumors.

Liquorice may reduce testosterone and affect male reproductive organs, potentially helping treat conditions like prostate cancer.

Alfacalcidiol and metformin together lowered testosterone in women with PCOS, but did not significantly improve acne, hair growth, or pregnancy rates.

Some nonsurgical hair loss treatments are effective, especially if started early.

Finasteride helps treat prostate issues and may prevent prostate cancer in high-risk men.

The research confirms that Hidradenitis Suppurativa is characterized by increased inflammation, disrupted skin cell organization, and abnormal metabolic processes.

Sebaceous glands in our skin, developing during pregnancy and active in puberty, produce sebum for skin lubrication, temperature control, and fighting germs, also help in hormone regulation, and their dysfunction can cause conditions like acne and hair loss.

Certain drugs change freshwater snail shells to a "banana" shape.

Combination therapy with oral contraceptives and spironolactone improves hair growth, menstrual issues, and acne in women with PCOS.

Testosterone therapy can modestly improve sexual function in menopausal women but should be used cautiously and is not recommended for routine measurement in sexual dysfunction or hirsutism.

Testosterone helps human pancreatic cells increase insulin release.

Female mice with disrupted 5α-reductase 1 had significant metabolic issues, including stress response problems, insulin resistance, liver fat buildup, and obesity.

Various treatments exist for hair loss, but more research is needed for better options.

Estrogens are key for bone growth spurts in both boys and girls and affect growth into adulthood.

Men using hair loss drugs like finasteride may experience sexual side effects like erectile dysfunction, but it's unclear who will be affected and when. Treating depression and sexual symptoms is suggested, as these men often have higher rates of both. More research is needed to understand why these side effects occur.

Finasteride safely lowers DHT levels without affecting hormone levels, helping with conditions like enlarged prostate, acne, and hair loss.

COVID-19 may affect male fertility and women might have better outcomes due to hormonal and immune differences.