26 citations,
November 2010 in “Experimental Dermatology” Two gene areas linked to male pattern baldness found, more research needed.
April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increases oil production in skin cells by activating mTOR, and mTOR inhibitors can reduce this effect.
11 citations,
July 2015 in “Gene” DHT affects bone growth by altering gene activity in osteoblasts, potentially complicating steroid use.
166 citations,
March 2007 in “Hypertension” High androgen levels in young women with PCOS are linked to higher blood pressure.
119 citations,
November 2009 in “Human Reproduction” Women with PCOS and higher androgen levels are more likely to have fatty liver disease.
114 citations,
March 2018 in “PLOS Medicine” Women with PCOS are more than twice as likely to develop nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
6 citations,
August 2013 in “Fertility and Sterility” Eating cream can increase ovarian androgen production in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, which is not related to obesity.
815 citations,
April 2010 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Women with PCOS should be screened for heart disease risk and manage their health to prevent it.
3 citations,
October 2010 in “Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine” Obesity is a major risk factor for insulin resistance in Taiwanese women with PCOS, which is also an independent risk factor for metabolic syndrome.
50 citations,
December 2006 in “Bone” Exemestane may protect bones by stimulating osteoblast growth through androgen-related pathways.
16 citations,
April 2012 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Older obese women with PCOS have higher cardiovascular and metabolic risks despite lower androgen levels.
2 citations,
November 2011 in “InTech eBooks” Most adrenal cortex tumors are benign and non-secreting, but proper diagnosis and treatment are important due to the rare possibility of cancer.
1 citations,
October 2015 in “Cancer” Finasteride and dutasteride may lower melanoma risk, with teenage acne possibly indicating higher risk.
60 citations,
May 2011 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is linked to higher risk of hypertension and heart disease.
45 citations,
November 2015 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Hormones might affect the skin condition hidradenitis suppurativa, but their exact role is unclear.
18 citations,
July 2010 in “Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism” The document concludes that PCOS has a strong genetic component, but more research is needed to fully understand the specific genes involved.
4 citations,
June 2017 in “Endocrine Reviews” Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) mainly affects nearby cells, doesn't significantly change prostate hormonal environment or cancer risk, and doesn't play a main role in causing hair loss or acne. More research is needed on its effects on heart health, sexual function, and bone health.
3 citations,
November 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” The document suggests that more research is needed to confirm if baldness can indicate a higher risk of severe COVID-19 in men.
January 2020 in “International journal of current research and review” Exposure to plastics may increase the risk of irregular menstrual cycles and symptoms of hormone imbalance in teenage girls.
September 2018 in “Fertility and Sterility” African American women have a higher risk of preterm delivery than Caucasian women, and inflammatory stimuli affect gene expression in cells related to PCOS, showing a heightened inflammatory state in women with PCOS.
April 2015 in “Experimental Dermatology” Melanoma risk tools need improvement, certain gene mutations cause skin diseases and could be treated by targeting those mutations, skin wrinkling may relate to lung aging due to genetic factors, and oxidative stress affects hair loss but can be reduced in low oxygen.
43 citations,
May 1988 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Patients with acanthosis nigricans often have insulin resistance and signs of increased male hormones, but treatment targeting these male hormones is generally ineffective.
24 citations,
April 2021 in “BMC women's health” High BMI worsens hair growth in women with PCOS.
1 citations,
October 2006 in “Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care” The contraceptive implant Implanon may be linked to hair loss, but the reported case of alopecia could be unrelated to the implant.
58 citations,
January 2006 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” High levels of testosterone and 5α-DHT can lead to cell death in cells important for hair growth.
October 2023 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” Androgens and androgen receptors are important for metabolic health, affecting how the body uses glucose and fats through mitochondrial function.
60 citations,
January 2007 in “Human Genetics” AR polyglycine repeat doesn't cause baldness.
282 citations,
October 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.
78 citations,
August 2012 in “Human molecular genetics online/Human molecular genetics” A new gene, JMJD1C, may affect testosterone levels in men.
41 citations,
March 2012 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” G allele of AR Stul polymorphism linked to higher hair loss risk, especially in white people.