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Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.

Long COVID causes a wide range of long-lasting symptoms that change over time and are hard to diagnose and treat.

Insulin resistance and high male hormone levels are major causes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and hair loss, but may cause side effects in some patients.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Acne is a common skin condition linked to diet, hormones, and genetics, and early treatment can prevent scarring.

Androgens like testosterone are important hormones for both men and women, made differently in each sex and affecting the body by regulating genes and quick interactions with cell components.

The conclusion is that young women with excessive hair growth should be quickly tested for hormonal issues and treated to improve their social well-being.

A woman's excessive hair growth was caused by a rare benign tumor in her adrenal gland, which was successfully removed.

A boy's hair loss improved after tumor removal and vitamin D treatment, but hair loss returned despite normal vitamin D and no tumor regrowth.

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is a rare inherited disease causing hormone imbalances, affecting growth, fertility, and heart health, diagnosed through blood tests and treated with medication and lifestyle changes.

Women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia have lower fertility, but with proper treatment, they can conceive successfully.

Two women with very high androgen levels had only slight skin issues, one due to a non-classical adrenal disorder and the other due to an adrenal tumor.

Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.

The conclusion is that accurately identifying the cause of high androgen levels in women with PCOS is crucial and requires specific tests.

Some parents have a mild form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia without symptoms, and they usually don't need treatment.

Nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a common genetic disorder that can cause a range of symptoms and requires personalized treatment.

The document concludes that sex hormones are crucial for mammalian reproduction, health, and behavior, and require more research for therapeutic use.

Adrenalectomy boosts hair growth and melanin in black rats, even with vitamin B¹ deficiency.

The HGCA tool helps identify genes that work together by analyzing their co-expression patterns.

Diagnosing sex development disorders requires combining medical history, physical exams, imaging, lab tests, and genetic data.

Insulin resistance is a key factor in polycystic ovary syndrome, but genetics may also contribute.

Aminopterin effectively improves skin conditions but has toxic side effects that need careful monitoring.

Aminopterin strongly suppresses epithelial tissues and can treat certain skin conditions but has significant side effects.

The document concludes that a systematic approach is crucial to identify causes of androgen excess in women beyond the most common cause, Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Hair analysis can help diagnose adrenal disorders non-invasively.

The protein StAR is found in 17 different organs and can affect hair loss and brain functions, but its full role is not yet fully understood.

Testosterone helps human pancreatic cells increase insulin release.

The document concludes that using LC-MS/MS for measuring androgens is more accurate than older methods, but it needs careful validation and standardized references to be most effective.

New vitiligo treatments focus on controlling immune damage and restoring skin color.