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Testosterone helps human pancreatic cells increase insulin release.

Diabetes can lead to blindness and skin problems, and managing blood sugar and blood pressure is crucial to prevent these complications.

COVID-19 may affect male fertility and women might have better outcomes due to hormonal and immune differences.

The document concludes that treating androgen excess needs patience, managing expectations is important, and many drugs used are not officially approved, suggesting cosmetic options for mild cases.

PSA levels could help detect illegal steroid use in female athletes but face challenges like cost and PCOS prevalence.

Men with liver cancer have higher levels of a specific testosterone byproduct in their liver and blood, despite overall lower male hormone levels.

Some conditions mimic PCOS symptoms and need careful diagnosis to treat potentially serious health issues.

Effective treatment for hidradenitis suppurativa varies, with antibiotics commonly used and surgery as an option, but no single method is universally successful.

Some ovarian tumors can cause masculinization, and it's important to check for various causes when this symptom is present.

Effective treatments for excessive hair growth in women include creams, laser therapy, and medications, with the choice depending on individual needs and potential side effects.

Women with PCOS have higher hair cortisol levels, which are linked to worse metabolic and inflammatory conditions.

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can cause skin side effects like rashes, hair loss, and nail changes, which are usually managed with conservative treatments.

The document says that common skin conditions in adult women can be treated effectively, with acne being the most common and early-detected melanoma having a high survival rate.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Hair and nails can help diagnose diseases, with nail issues often linked to skin conditions and hair loss having various causes and treatments.

Clinicians should use social and prescription data to track trends in performance-enhancing drug use.

Gut flora changes could potentially indicate depression, but more research is needed.

The document concludes that alopecia areata is an unpredictable autoimmune hair loss condition with no cure, but various treatments exist that require personalized approaches.

Some supplements and hormones can increase hair loss by raising DHT levels.

Platelet-rich plasma treatment is not very effective for chronic severe alopecia areata.

Hormones, especially androgens, play a key role in causing acne, and treatments like hormone control pills and hormone-blocking medications can help.

Topical corticosteroids may be a safe and effective treatment for severe alopecia areata in children.

Excess androgens may cause PCOS, not just be a symptom.

Pregnancy can trigger severe rosacea, which may be treated with antibiotics and steroids, but there's no clear treatment guideline.

Hirsutism in teens is often due to polycystic ovarian syndrome and needs careful assessment and support.

Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism, a condition with symptoms like increased hair growth and acne, is usually caused by PCOS but can also be due to other factors. It's diagnosed by checking testosterone levels and treated either by removing the adrenal tumor or through antiandrogen therapy.

Acne can appear or persist in adulthood due to hormonal changes, external factors, or substance use, and requires appropriate treatment.

Early NAS level changes affect alcohol consumption vulnerability.

The document concludes that managing skin conditions during pregnancy is important and requires specialized care.

After chemotherapy for a gestational trophoblastic tumor, normal pregnancy rates are possible, but there's a slightly higher risk of the tumor reoccurring in future pregnancies.