202 citations,
January 2022 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” This multicenter cohort study of 1969 COVID-19 survivors (46.4% women) from five public hospitals in Spain found that while there were no significant sex differences in COVID-19 onset symptoms, female sex was a significant risk factor for long-term post-COVID symptoms. Eight months post-discharge, 60% of survivors reported post-COVID symptoms, with women experiencing an average of 2.25 symptoms compared to 1.5 in men. Women were more likely to report ≥3 post-COVID symptoms, fatigue, dyspnea, pain, hair loss, ocular problems, depressive levels, and worse sleep quality. The study highlights the need for healthcare systems to consider sex differences in managing long-term post-COVID conditions.
Low vitamin D3 is not linked to different levels of thyroid hormones in people with autoimmune thyroid disease.
142 citations,
January 2019 in “Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology” Postpartum depression is linked to changes in brain chemicals, inflammation, stress, and certain genes, and can potentially be identified by markers like specific steroids, serotonin levels, and vitamin D levels.
2 citations,
July 2019 in “Journal of psychology & clinical psychiatry” Zinc helps reduce the severity of depression.
251 citations,
October 2014 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.