June 1995 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” Long-term use of oral contraceptives, especially starting before age 20, may increase the risk of early-onset breast cancer.
May 2026 in “Journal of Clinical Oncology” This study found no evidence of subtype-specific breast cancer risk associated with hair relaxer use among women in Ghana, though the risk was elevated for former users across all subtypes.
10 citations
,
May 2020 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that spironolactone was not independently associated with increased breast cancer recurrence and may be considered for treating alopecia in survivors.
7 citations
,
March 2019 in “Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention” This study found no evidence that finasteride use is associated with an increased risk of male breast cancer.
4 citations
,
October 2018 in “International Braz J Urol” This study found no positive association between the use of 5α-reductase inhibitors and the risk of male breast cancer.