25 citations,
September 2014 in “Pharmacotherapy” Hormone therapy can improve mental health and quality of life for people with gender dysphoria, but long-term effects need more research.
81 citations,
May 2007 in “Fertility and Sterility” Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.
6 citations,
September 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy” Androgen therapy can help with symptoms like low libido in women, but more research is needed to understand its long-term safety and effects on health.
49 citations,
February 2009 in “Maturitas” Short-term testosterone therapy in women seems safe with few mild side effects, but long-term effects need more research.
August 2024 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Using 5-alpha reductase inhibitors may lower the risk of breast cancer in females.
June 1995 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” Long-term use of oral contraceptives, especially starting before age 20, may increase the risk of early-onset breast cancer.
15 citations,
March 2018 in “Cancer Medicine” Alopecia areata patients have varied cancer risks, with some cancers being lower and others higher.
January 2015 in “Side effects of drugs annual” The document concludes that sex hormones and related compounds have various effects on health, with both potential benefits and risks.
March 2007 in “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada” Birth control pills slightly increase the risk of breast cancer, especially if used before the first full-term pregnancy.
May 2011 in “Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism” Breast cancer survivors may have a higher risk of falls, tamoxifen could prevent breast cancer and deaths, new guidelines urge caution with prostate cancer therapy, and early balding in men may indicate a higher prostate cancer risk.
June 2023 in “Journal of multidisciplinary sciences (Online)” PCOS is linked to a higher risk of endometrial cancer but not ovarian or breast cancer, and more research is needed on its role in cancer development and treatment effects.
7 citations,
March 2019 in “Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention” Finasteride use is not clearly linked to an increased risk of male breast cancer.
February 2012 in “Community oncology” Finasteride for hair loss may increase the risk of certain cancers and has side effects; better regulation and education on its use are needed.
1 citations,
April 2019 in “Clinical Breast Cancer” Medicines for enlarged prostate may raise the risk of breast growth and tenderness but not breast cancer.
8 citations,
December 2017 in “Cancer Medicine” Finasteride use may increase the risk of male breast cancer.
25 citations,
August 2006 in “Human Reproduction” Oral contraceptives lower testosterone levels in women, especially those with certain genetic traits, and may be linked to increased breast cancer risk.
4 citations,
October 2018 in “International Braz J Urol” Taking 5-alpha reductase inhibitors does not increase the risk of breast cancer in men.
April 2023 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology” Spironolactone is safe for breast cancer survivors with alopecia and does not increase cancer risk.
32 citations,
May 2013 in “The Journal of Urology” Using finasteride or dutasteride does not increase the risk of male breast cancer.
April 2016 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Spironolactone use is not linked to an increased risk of breast cancer, but caution is advised for high-risk patients.
2 citations,
May 2020 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Using certain hair products may increase breast cancer risk in black women.
February 2012 in “Community oncology” The document concludes that accurately identifying leukemia types is crucial, and the risks of cancer from finasteride need careful evaluation against its benefits.
11 citations,
September 2012 in “Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada” Testosterone therapy seems safe for short-term use in postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but more research on long-term effects is needed.
18 citations,
March 2009 in “Medical Hypotheses” The document suggests that blocking sweat glands with antiperspirants might allow skin-generated hormones to be absorbed, possibly increasing breast and prostate cancer risk.
29 citations,
March 2017 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology” Hormone therapies like birth control pills and spironolactone are safe and effective for treating women's adult acne.
1 citations,
November 2019 in “Archives of breast cancer” Some hormone treatments might raise breast cancer risk, while others don't seem to.
63 citations,
March 2011 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Evaluate postmenopausal women with high androgen levels using medical history, physical exams, lab tests, and imaging to manage health risks.
22 citations,
November 2018 in “Breast Cancer Research and Treatment” The medications 5α-reductase inhibitors and spironolactone are generally safe for breast cancer patients on endocrine therapies and do not significantly increase breast cancer risk.
23 citations,
October 2016 in “Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health” The document concludes that health care providers should offer culturally competent care and more research is needed to improve health outcomes for transgender individuals.
January 2022 in “Skin appendage disorders” Finasteride is effective for male hair loss, but it may cause fertility issues, mental health problems, and rarely, breast growth. Regular health checks can reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Patient understanding and involvement in treatment is important.