TLDR Minoxidil dissolves better in ethanol-water mixtures at different temperatures, with water playing a key role.
The study investigated the solubility of minoxidil in ethanol-water mixtures at various temperatures, fitting the data to several cosolvency models (van't Hoff, Yalkowsky, Jouyban–Acree, and Jouyban–Acree–van't Hoff). The models' performance was evaluated using mean relative deviations (MRD%). The study also calculated the apparent entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy of minoxidil dissolution using van't Hoff and Gibbs equations. Preferential solvation of minoxidil by water was observed in both water-rich and ethanol-rich mixtures using inverse Kirkwood–Buff integrals.
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