Cross-Kingdom Delivery and Gene Modulation of Androgen Pathways by Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles from Polygoni Multiflori Radix Promotes Hair Growth via miRNA Cargo

The study examines the use of plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PMENs) from Polygoni Multiflori Radix to promote hair growth, particularly for androgenetic alopecia. PMENs, which are rich in bioactive molecules, were shown to be effectively absorbed by human hair follicle cells, enhancing proliferation without toxicity. They modulate androgen pathways by delivering miRNAs, such as aof-miR168a and osa-miR164a, which downregulate androgen receptor expression and activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, promoting hair follicle regeneration. In mice, PMENs stimulated hair regrowth more effectively than Minoxidil, suggesting their potential as a novel treatment for hair loss. However, further research is needed to understand their long-term safety and efficacy.