Male Androgenetic Alopecia

August 2002 in “ Zeitschrift für Hautkrankheiten ”

Rolf-Dieter Hoffmann

androgenetic alopecia DHT Type 2-5α-Reductase testosterone selective androgen receptor blockers Caspases hair follicle miniaturization AGA dihydrotestosterone 5-alpha-reductase androgen receptor blockers

TLDR Male androgenetic alopecia involves hair follicle miniaturization due to DHT, with potential treatments using inhibitors and blockers.

This document from 2002 discusses male androgenetic alopecia (AGA), which is a DHT-dependent process that leads to progressive miniaturization of sensitive hair follicles. The role of Type 2-5α-Reductase in the intrafollicular conversion of testosterone to DHT is highlighted, and the genes responsible for AGA are still unknown. The document also discusses the potential for new therapeutic options with non-toxic and selective inhibitors, as well as selective androgen receptor blockers. The role of Caspases in the process of hair follicle miniaturization is also emphasized.

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Research cited in this study

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research An X-Linked Gene Involved in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Lesson to Be Learned from Adrenoleukodystrophy

24 citations, January 2000 in “Dermatology”

Gene linked to common hair loss found, may lead to new treatments.

research Serum Androgens and Genetic Linkage Analysis in Early Onset Androgenetic Alopecia

32 citations, August 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Early onset hair loss linked to genetics and androgen levels.

research Finasteride Is the Main Inhibitor of 5α-Reductase Activity in Microdissected Dermal Papillae of Human Hair Follicles

28 citations, February 1999 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

Finasteride potentially treats hair loss by reducing DHT production.

research Androgen-Dependent Beard Dermal Papilla Cells Secrete Autocrine Growth Factors in Response to Testosterone Unlike Scalp Cells

51 citations, November 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Beard cells, unlike scalp cells, produce growth factors in response to testosterone, which may explain differences in hair growth.

research Androgen Receptor Polymorphisms (CAG Repeat Lengths) in Androgenetic Alopecia, Hirsutism, and Acne

186 citations, July 1998 in “Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery”

Shorter CAG repeats may cause hair and skin issues, while longer ones may link to acne.

Different Levels of 5α-Reductase Type I and II, Aromatase, and Androgen Receptor in Hair Follicles of Women and Men with Androgenetic Alopecia

research Different Levels of 5α-Reductase Type I and II, Aromatase, and Androgen Receptor in Hair Follicles of Women and Men with Androgenetic Alopecia

416 citations, September 1997 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

People with hair loss have more androgen receptors and enzymes in certain follicles, with men and women showing different patterns.

Inhibition of Hair Growth by Testosterone in the Presence of Dermal Papilla Cells from the Frontal Bald Scalp of the Postpubertal Stumptailed Macaque

research Inhibition of Hair Growth by Testosterone in the Presence of Dermal Papilla Cells from the Frontal Bald Scalp of the Postpubertal Stumptailed Macaque

19 citations, January 1997 in “Endocrinology”

Testosterone can slow hair growth in adult monkeys, but a blocker called RU 58841 can counteract this and potentially help hair regrow.

research The Effects of Finasteride (Proscar) on Hair Growth, Hair Cycle Stage, and Serum Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone in Adult Male and Female Stumptail Macaques (Macaca Arctoides)

19 citations, October 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”

research Mechanism of Action of Androgen in Hair Follicles

25 citations, July 1994 in “Journal of dermatological science”

Testosterone affects hair follicles differently across body sites, with beard hair follicles showing more activity of a specific enzyme and presence of androgen receptors compared to scalp hair.

research Hair Growth Effects of Oral Administration of Finasteride, a Steroid 5 Alpha-Reductase Inhibitor, Alone and in Combination with Topical Minoxidil in the Balding Stumptail Macaque

40 citations, February 1992 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”

Taking finasteride pills and using minoxidil lotion together can help grow hair.

research Reduced Linear Hair Growth Rates of Vellus and Terminal Hairs Produced by Human Balding Scalp Grafted onto Nude Mice

23 citations, December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences”

Balding scalps slow down hair growth.

research The Effect of Testosterone, Cyproterone Acetate, and Minoxidil on Hair Loss in Androgenetic Alopecia Mouse

12 citations, October 1988 in “Clinics in dermatology”

The mouse model could be useful for baldness research and testing treatments like testosterone, cyproterone acetate, and minoxidil.

research Action of Topical Minoxidil in the Bald Stump-Tailed Macaque

78 citations, March 1987 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Minoxidil promotes hair growth but stops working when discontinued.

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