Immune Cell-Targeting Biologics for Alopecia Areata: A New Paradigm in Precision Medicine

    November 2025 in “ Skin Appendage Disorders ”
    Simonetta I. Gaumond, Madisyn Opstal, Isabella Kamholtz, Joaquín J. Jiménez
    Studysummary This study reviewed evidence on biologic drugs targeting immune cells for alopecia areata, finding mixed results: some achieved case-level hair regrowth, but controlled trials often showed limited efficacy.
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    Research cited in this study 15

    1. Alopecia Areata: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, And Therapies MedComm · 2025
    2. Cytokine-Targeting Biologic Therapies for Alopecia Areata: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanism of Action, Clinical Efficacy, and Adverse Events Biologics · 2025
    3. The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) Used as the Benchmark in Validation of 101 Quality-of-Life Instruments: A Systematic Review Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · 2024
    4. Inhibition of T-Cell Activity in Alopecia Areata: Recent Developments and New Directions Frontiers in immunology · 2023
    5. Resolution of Paraneoplastic Alopecia Areata Following Nivolumab in a Patient With Metastatic Melanoma JAAD case reports · 2023
    6. Efficacy and Safety of Ritlecitinib in Adults and Adolescents With Alopecia Areata: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Multicentre, Phase 2b–3 Trial The Lancet · 2023
    7. The Expanding Impact of T-Regulatory Cells in Skin Health Frontiers in Immunology · 2022
    8. The Relationship Between Patient-Reported Severity of Hair Loss and Health-Related Quality of Life and Treatment Patterns Among Patients with Alopecia Areata Dermatology and Therapy · 2022
    9. Nivolumab-Induced Alopecia Areata: A Case Report and Literature Review Annals of dermatology/Annals of Dermatology · 2021
    10. Low-Dose IL-2 for Treating Moderate to Severe Alopecia Areata: A 52-Week Multicenter Prospective Placebo-Controlled Study Assessing Its Impact on T Regulatory Cell and NK Cell Populations ˜The œjournal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology · 2020
    11. Successful Treatment of Alopecia Universalis with Rituximab Therapy Rheumatology · 2020
    12. The Alopecia Areata Investigator Global Assessment Scale: A Measure for Evaluating Clinically Meaningful Success in Clinical Trials British Journal of Dermatology · 2020
    13. Immune-Related Alopecia (Areata and Universalis) in Cancer Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement · 2016
    14. Alefacept for Severe Alopecia Areata: A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Archives of dermatology · 2009
    15. Alefacept for Alopecia Areata Archives of dermatology · 2005