Hair Follicle Aging Is Driven by Transepidermal Elimination of Stem Cells via COL17A1 Proteolysis

April 2017 in “ Journal of Dermatological Science ”

Hiroyuki Matsumura, Yasuaki Mohri, Hironobu Morinaga, Makoto Fukuda, Sotaro Kurata, Emi K. Nishimura

hair follicle stem cell HFSC hair follicle miniaturization hair loss type XVII collagen COL17A1 DNA damage response epidermal differentiation

TLDR Hair loss is caused by the breakdown of a protein called COL17A1 in hair follicle stem cells.

The study demonstrated that hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) aging led to hair follicle miniaturization and eventual hair loss in both wild-type mice and humans. The researchers found that the DNA damage response in HFSCs triggered the proteolysis of type XVII collagen (COL17A1), a crucial molecule for maintaining HFSCs, which initiated HFSC aging. This aging was marked by the loss of stemness and a shift towards epidermal differentiation. Aged HFSCs were cyclically removed from the skin through terminal epidermal differentiation, causing hair follicle miniaturization. The process could be replicated by Col17a1 deficiency and prevented by maintaining COL17A1 in HFSCs, indicating that COL17A1 played a central role in the aging of this epithelial mini-organ.

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