Enhancing Permeation of Drug Molecules Across the Skin via Delivery in Nanocarriers: Novel Strategies for Effective Transdermal Applications

The document reviewed the advantages of transdermal drug delivery, highlighting its ability to reduce toxicity and avoid systemic side effects. It discussed the challenge posed by the stratum corneum as a barrier to drug penetration and explored the use of nanocarriers as a promising solution to enhance drug permeation through the skin. Various nanocarriers, such as nanoparticles, ethosomes, dendrimers, and liposomes, were examined for their potential to deliver both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs effectively. The review also covered recent advancements combining nanocarriers with physical methods like iontophoresis, ultrasound, laser, and microneedles to improve therapeutic outcomes. Limitations and future directions for nanocarrier-based transdermal drug delivery were also addressed.