Tissue Repair Mechanisms of Dental Pulp Stem Cells: A Comprehensive Review from Cutaneous Regeneration to Mucosal Healing

This review highlights the significant potential of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in tissue repair, particularly in cutaneous and mucosal healing. DPSCs contribute to wound healing by modulating inflammatory responses, promoting angiogenesis, and enhancing re-epithelialization through the secretion of bioactive factors like VEGF and TGF-β. They exhibit properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects, and can differentiate into various cell types. DPSCs have shown promise in diabetic wound healing, mucosal repair, and even delaying chemotherapy-induced alopecia, although their role in true hair follicle regeneration remains unexplored. The review suggests that combining DPSCs with bioengineering materials and drugs can further enhance therapeutic outcomes, offering promising avenues for regenerative medicine.