Overview of Caffeine Effects on Human Health and Emerging Delivery Strategies

This review explores the multifaceted effects of caffeine on human health, highlighting its roles as a stimulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pain management aid. It examines caffeine's potential in preventing diseases and providing anti-aging and neuroprotective benefits, with a focus on its impact on cancer, cardiovascular, immunological, inflammatory, and neurological diseases. The review also addresses caffeine's significance in sports and discusses recent advancements in enhancing caffeine's bioavailability through novel formulations like dietary supplements and nanocarriers. However, it notes potential adverse effects, such as elevated blood pressure, anemia, and migraines.