Overview of Caffeine Effects on Human Health and Emerging Delivery Strategies

The document reviews the effects of caffeine on human health, highlighting its potential benefits and risks. Caffeine is known for enhancing athletic performance, stimulating the central nervous system, and improving mood and alertness. While moderate consumption (up to 400 mg daily) is generally safe, excessive intake can lead to adverse effects such as anxiety and insomnia. The review discusses caffeine's potential anticancer, immunological, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, and neurological protective effects. Emerging strategies for caffeine delivery, including encapsulation, are explored to enhance its biological activities. The document emphasizes caution for certain populations, such as adolescents, pregnant women, and individuals with health issues. Additionally, caffeine's ability to inhibit 5-α-reductase and increase blood supply to hair follicles makes it beneficial for alopecia treatment, with liposomes co-encapsulating minoxidil and caffeine significantly increasing hair weight.