Systematic Review: Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Platelet-Rich Plasma, and Biomaterials as New Regenerative Strategies in Chronic Skin Wounds and Soft Tissue Defects

February 2021 in “ International Journal of Molecular Sciences ”

Pietro Gentile, Simone Garcovich

adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells platelet-rich plasma biomaterials chronic skin wounds soft tissue defects diabetic foot ulcers vascular ulcers post-traumatic ulcers skin defects wound healing soft tissue volume improvement enzymatic digestion AD-MSCs PRP

TLDR Fat-derived stem cells, platelet-rich plasma, and biomaterials show promise for healing chronic skin wounds and improving soft tissue with few side effects.

The systematic review from February 3, 2021, assessed the safety and effectiveness of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and biomaterials in treating chronic skin wounds and soft tissue defects. After a thorough search and application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 72 articles were analyzed. The studies included in the review involved clinical trials with patients suffering from chronic skin wounds, diabetic foot ulcers, vascular and post-traumatic ulcers, soft tissue defects, or skin defects. The mean age of patients was over 38 years, with a history of the conditions for at least 1-2 years. The review found that 84% of the studies reported effective outcomes in wound healing and soft tissue volume improvement. Various methods for PRP preparation and AD-MSCs isolation were described, with enzymatic digestion being the most common for AD-MSCs. The review concluded that these regenerative strategies are promising, with most studies showing positive outcomes and minimal adverse effects. However, the review called for standardized protocols and large-scale randomized trials to confirm their efficacy.

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Different methods of preparing Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) can affect wound healing and hair regrowth in plastic surgery. Using a kit with specific standards helps isolate PRP that meets quality criteria. Non-Activated PRP and Activated PRP have varying effects depending on the tissue and condition treated. For hair regrowth, Non-Activated PRP increased hair density more than Activated PRP. Both treatments improved various aspects of scalp health.

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