134 citations,
June 2012 in “International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery” Facial feminization surgery is effective in helping transgender women appear more feminine and has high patient satisfaction.
39 citations,
October 2018 in “Aesthetic surgery journal” Injectables can feminize or masculinize a transgender person's face, but more research is needed for best practices.
June 2023 in “Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America” Hair transplantation is important for transgender patients to enhance their masculine or feminine appearance.
71 citations,
August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.
5 citations,
March 2019 in “Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America” The document concludes that gender-affirming treatments are essential for transgender individuals and outlines safe hormone therapy practices.
1 citations,
November 2007 in “Neuro-chirurgie/Neurochirurgie” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes modest feminization in transgender female adolescents, and works better with added estrogens.
June 2023 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Gender-affirming hormone therapy changes hair growth in transgender people, with feminizing therapy reducing hair and masculinizing therapy increasing it, but sometimes additional treatment is needed.
15 citations,
September 2021 in “Archives of Plastic Surgery” The document concludes that facial feminization surgery improves psychological well-being and social acceptance for transgender individuals.
129 citations,
January 1977 in “Hormone and metabolic research” Cyproterone Acetate effectively treats androgen-related conditions and is used in prostate cancer therapy and hormone therapy for transgender women.
10 citations,
April 2018 in “Facial Plastic Surgery” The surgical technique of scalp advancement and pretrichial brow lift shortens the forehead and lifts brows, is good for women and transgender women with high foreheads, but not recommended for men and has some risks.
8 citations,
April 2018 in “Facial Plastic Surgery” Men and women have different hairline restoration needs, with natural design being more complex for women, and hairline changes being important for transgender individuals' transitions.
5 citations,
September 2021 in “Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine” The guideline provides healthcare professionals in South Africa with instructions for comprehensive, multidisciplinary gender-affirming care, including HIV prevention and treatment for transgender and gender diverse individuals.
January 2019 in “The Annals of Thoracic Surgery” The document concludes that careful planning and execution of facial gender affirmation surgery after at least 12 months of hormonal therapy can improve the quality of life for transgender individuals.
March 2017 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology” This special edition focuses on the unique aspects of treating skin conditions in women, including during pregnancy and in diverse populations like women of color and transgender patients.
Orthognathic surgeons play a key role in modifying masculine facial features to be more feminine, often improving transgender women's quality of life.
131 citations,
September 2010 in “The Laryngoscope” Forehead modification greatly increases the perception of femininity and is a safe procedure.
59 citations,
February 2021 in “BMJ” High doses of cyproterone acetate increase the risk of brain tumors in women, but the risk decreases after stopping the medication.
8 citations,
April 2020 in “Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America” Minoxidil, finasteride, and low-level laser light therapy are effective FDA-approved treatments for hair loss.
January 2024 in “Biology of sex differences” Dihydrotestosterone makes arteries stiffer in female mice by reducing estrogen receptor expression.
November 2007 in “Neuro-chirurgie/Neurochirurgie” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects and is more effective with added estrogens.
19 citations,
August 2018 in “Clinics in plastic surgery” The conclusion is that certain surgeries can help people with gender dysphoria look more like their true gender and feel better.
July 2023 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves physical performance in trans men to the level of cisgender men, while in trans women, it increases fat mass and decreases muscle mass, with no advantage in physical performance after 2 years.
5 citations,
September 2022 in “Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine” Facial feminization surgery helps make facial features more feminine, improving patient satisfaction and safety.
2 citations,
January 2020 in “Elsevier eBooks” The document concludes that individualized Facial Feminization Surgery plans and comprehensive care are crucial for successful outcomes.
1 citations,
October 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks” Antiandrogens can treat female hormonal conditions, but environmental ones may harm reproductive health.
1 citations,
September 2016 in “Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open” Facial Feminization Surgery is effective and safe, with minimal complications.
116 citations,
December 2013 in “The Journal of Pediatrics” Most youth with gender dysphoria received hormones, had minor complications, and showed a decrease in suicide attempts after treatment.
19 citations,
April 2019 in “Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health” Transmasculine individuals on testosterone therapy need tailored contraception and fertility advice due to unique risks and benefits of each contraceptive method.
18 citations,
February 2016 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Advancements in male reproductive medicine are ongoing, but more research and improved treatments are needed in several areas.
17 citations,
June 2018 in “Sexual Medicine Reviews” The document concludes that non-operative treatment for gender dysphoria is safe and effective, and hormone therapy does not increase cancer risk.