Facial Feminization Surgery/Gender Confirming Facial Surgery: Background and State of the Art

The document discusses the evolution and current state of facial feminization surgery (FFS), highlighting its significance in facial plastic surgery. FFS involves a range of procedures aimed at making facial features appear more feminine, applicable to both transgender and cisgender women. The field has grown significantly, with increased interest and contributions from surgeons worldwide. Key procedures include scalp advancement, browlift, cranioplasty, mandible contouring, and chondrolaryngoplasty. The document emphasizes the importance of qualitative over quantitative approaches in defining facial beauty and the need for proper training and ethical practices. It also notes the challenges in achieving optimal outcomes and the ongoing advancements in surgical techniques. The ultimate goal is to enhance patient satisfaction and quality of life, with the field continuing to evolve as more surgeons contribute to the literature.