Facial Feminization Surgery/Gender Confirming Facial Surgery: Background and State of the Art

Facial feminization surgery (FFS) includes various procedures to make facial features more feminine, aiding both transgender and cisgender women. The field has grown, with more surgeons and centers providing these services. Key techniques focus on the upper third of the face, such as scalp advancement, browlift, cranioplasty, and mandible contouring, to create a youthful, feminine look. The article stresses the importance of qualitative measures in defining beauty and underscores the need for proper training and ethical practices to ensure patient safety and satisfaction.